Ukufakwa kwamapayipi e-PVC (i-Polyvinyl Chloride) kugcwele yonke indawo kwingqalasizinda yesimanje, ukuhlanganisa amapayipi amanzi, i-drainage, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, kanye nokuthutha uketshezi lwezimboni. Ukuthandwa kwabo kubangelwa izinzuzo ezingokwemvelo: ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukuphumelela kwezindleko, nokuqina kwesakhiwo. Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana e-PVC—okuphawuleka ngokuphindaphinda amayunithi e-vinyl chloride—kuyenza ibe sengozini yokuwohloka ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okushisayo, oxidative, kanye ne-UV. Lapha kulaphoPVC stabilizersadlala indima ebalulekile: anciphisa ukuwohloka, aqinisekise ukuthi izixhumi zamapayipi zigcina ubuqotho bemishini kanye nokusebenza esikhathini sokusebenza kwazo. Ngezansi ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwezicelo zabo, izindlela, kanye nemibandela yokukhetha kumasistimu wamapayipi e-PVC.
1. KunganiYenza i-PVCUkufakwa Kwepayipi Kudinga Iziqinisi
I-PVC ithola ukuwohloka okungenakulungiseka lapho ichayeke emazingeni okushisa aphakeme (okujwayelekile ezinqubweni zokukhipha noma zokubumba umjovo) noma ingcindezi ende yemvelo (isb, ukukhanya kwelanga, umswakama, noma ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali). Indlela eyinhloko yokuwohloka i-dehydrochlorination: ukushisa noma amandla e-UV aphula amabhondi e-C-Cl abuthakathaka, akhiphe i-hydrochloric acid (HCl) futhi aqalise ukusabela kweketango okuholela ekusikweni kweketango le-polymer. Lokhu kubonakala kanje:
• Ukushintsha umbala (ophuzi noma ube nsundu)
• Ukulahlekelwa amandla okuthinta nokuvumelana nezimo
• Ukuqhekeka noma ukufiphala, okuphazamisa ukumelana nokuvuza
• Ukungcoliswa koketshezi oluthuthwayo (okubalulekile ezinhlelweni zamanzi aphuzwayo)
Izinzisi ziphazamisa le nqubo, zizenze zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amapayipi e-PVC.
2. Izindlela Zokuqiniswa Kwe-PVC Ekufakweni Kwepayipi
Izinza zisebenza ngezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisana ukuze kuvikelwe i-PVC:
•Ukukhipha i-HCl:I-Hydrochloric acid ekhishwe endaweni engathathi hlangothi, ivimbele ukuthi ingaqhubeki nokuwohloka.
•I-Free Radical Inhibition:Susa ukusabela kweketango okuqalwa ukushisa noma ama-radicals mahhala akhiqizwa yi-UV.
•Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Metal ion:Hlanganisa ukungcola kwensimbi (isb, insimbi, ithusi) okusheshisa ukuwohloka.
•UVUkuvikela:Bonisa noma donsa imisebe ye-UV, ebalulekile ekufakweni kwamapayipi angaphandle (isb., ukugeleza kwamanzi ngaphezu komhlaba).
•I-Lubrication Aid:Amanye ama-stabilizers (isb, ama-UV stabilizers), i-calcium stearate inciphisa ukungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ivimbela ukushisa ngokweqile.
3. Izinhlobo Zezinza Ezisetshenziswa Ekufakweni Kwepayipi le-PVC
Ukukhethwa kwe-stabilizer kuncike ezimweni zokucubungula, izidingo zokusetshenziswa kokugcina, nokuhambisana nokulawula. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zifaka:
4. Imibandela Ebalulekile Yokukhetha Yokufakwa Kwepayipi
Lapho ucacisa iziqinisi zokufakwa kwamapayipi e-PVC, abakhiqizi kufanele bacabangele:
•Icubungula amapharamitha:Amazinga okushisa okukhipha/okubumba (160–200°C amapayipi) kanye nezikhathi zokuhlala zisho ukuzinza okudingekayo okushisayo. Izinqubo zokushisa okuphezulu (isb., amapayipi amanzi ashisayo) zidinga iziqinisi ezinokumelana nokushisa okuqinile (isb, i-organotin).
•Imvelo Yokusebenzisa Ekugcineni:Amapayipi amanzi aphuzwayo adinga isitifiketi se-NSF/ANSI 61 noma i-WRAS, kuyathandwaCa-Znnoma i-organotin stabilizers. Amapayipi angaphandle adinga iziqinisi ze-UV isb.
•Ukuthobela Umthetho:Imikhawulo yomhlaba wonke yezinsimbi ezisindayo (Pb, Cd) iphusha imboni kwezinye izindlela ezilungele imvelo (i-Ca-Zn, iziqinisi ezisekelwe ku-organic).
•Izindleko vs. Ukusebenza:Nakuba izinzinzisi ezisekelwe kumthofu zishibhile, izindleko zesikhathi eside (isb., izinhlawulo zokulawula, izinselele zokuvuselela kabusha) zivuna izinketho ezisimeme.
5. Amathrendi asafufusa ku-Stabilizer Technology
Njengoba imithetho yezemvelo iqina futhi ukusimama kuya kuqala, imboni yamapayipi e-PVC ishintshela ku:
•I-High-Efficiency Ca-Zn Systems:Kuthuthukiswe ngama-co-stabilizer (isb, ama-polyols, ama-zeolite) ukuze afane nokusebenza okushisayo kwezinye izinto ezisekelwe kumthofu.
•Ama-Multifunctional Stabilizers:Ukuhlanganisa ukuqina kwe-thermal, ukumelana ne-UV, kanye nokugcoba kusithasiselo esisodwa ukwenza ukwakheka kube lula.
•Iziqinisi ezisuselwa ku-Bio:Ithathwe ezinsizeni ezivuselelekayo (isb., ama-ester asekelwe ezitshalweni), ukuqondanisa nezinjongo zomnotho eziyindilinga.
PVC stabilizersziyisisekelo ekusebenzeni nasekuphileni isikhathi eside kokufakwa kwamapayipi e-PVC, okwenza ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuphephile nokuthembekile kuyo yonke ingqalasizinda ebalulekile. Kusukela ekuvimbeleni ukucekelwa phansi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kuya ekuqinisekiseni amashumi eminyaka esevisi ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, indima yabo ayinakushintshwa. Njengoba imboni ithuthuka, ukugxila kobuthi obuphansi, ukuqina kokusebenza okuphezulu-ikakhulukazi izinkimbinkimbi ze-calcium-zinc-kuzoqhuba izinto ezintsha, ukulinganisa ukusebenza nomthwalo wemfanelo wendawo. Konjiniyela nabakhiqizi, ukukhetha isizinzisi esifanele akukhona nje ukukhetha kwezobuchwepheshe kodwa ukuzibophezela ekuqineni, ekuphepheni, nasekuthobeleni imithetho.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-02-2025