Isikhumba sokwenziwa esisekelwe ku-PVC (PVC-AL) sihlala siyinto ehamba phambili ezintweni zangaphakathi zezimoto, i-upholstery, nezindwangu zezimboni ngenxa yebhalansi yezindleko, ukucutshungulwa, kanye nokuhlukahluka kobuhle. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza ikhungethwe yizinselelo zobuchwepheshe zangaphakathi ezisekelwe kumakhemikhali e-polymer-izinselele ezithinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza komkhiqizo, ukuthobela imithetho, nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Ukuwohloka Kokushisa: Isithiyo Esiyisisekelo Sokucubungula
Ukungaqini okungokwemvelo kwe-PVC emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile okucubungula (160–200°C) kubangela ibhodlela eliyinhloko. I-polymer ithola i-dehydrochlorination (ukuqedwa kwe-HCl) ngokusabela kwe-self-catalyzed chain, okuholela ezinkingeni ezintathu eziphuthumayo:
• Ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo:I-HCl ekhishiwe igqwalisa okokusebenza kwensimbi (ama-calenda, okokunamathela kuyafa) futhi ibangele ukujiya kwe-matrix ye-PVC, okuholela ekulimaleni kwenqwaba njengamabhamuza angaphezulu noma ukujiya okungalingani.
• Ukushintsha umbala womkhiqizo:Ukulandelana kwe-polyene ehlanganisiwe okwakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuwohloka kunikeza umbala ophuzi noma ube nsundu, ohluleka ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuvumelana kombala zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
• Ukulahleka kwempahla yemishini:I-Chain scission yenza buthaka inethiwekhi ye-polymer, inciphisa amandla esikhumba aqediwe aqinile kanye nokumelana nokudabuka kufika ku-30% ezimeni ezinzima.
Izingcindezi Zokuthobela Imvelo Nokulawula
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Ukukhiqizwa kosiko kwe-PVC-AL kubhekene nokucutshungulwa okukhulayo ngaphansi kwemithetho yomhlaba (isb, i-EU REACH, amazinga e-US EPA VOC):
• Ukukhishwa kwe-Volatile organic compound (VOC):I-Thermal degradation kanye ne-solvent-based plasticizer incorporation yokukhishwa kwama-VOC (isb., okuphuma ku-phthalate) okweqa imikhawulo yokukhipha.
• Izinsalela ze-Heavy metal:Amasistimu okuzinzisa amafa (isb., umthofu, asekelwe ku-cadmium) ashiya ukungcola okulandelwayo, imikhiqizo engafanelekile ekutholeni izitifiketi ze-eco-lebula (isb, i-OEKO-TEX® 100).
• Ukusebenziseka kabusha kokuphela kwempilo:I-PVC engazinzile iqhubekela phambili iwonakala ngesikhathi sokugaywa kabusha kwemishini, ikhiqiza i-leachate enobuthi futhi yehlisa ikhwalithi yesitoko esigaywe kabusha.
Ukuqina Okubuthakathaka Ngaphansi Kwezimo Zesevisi
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Ngisho nangemva kokukhiqizwa, i-PVC-AL engaqinile ihlushwa ukuguga okusheshayo:
• Ukucekelwa phansi kwe-UV:Ukukhanya kwelanga kubangela i-photo-oxidation, ukuphuka kwamaketanga e-polymer futhi kubangele ukonakala—okubalulekile ezimotweni noma ze-upholstery yangaphandle.
• Ukufuduka kwe-Plasticizer:Ngaphandle kwe-stabilizer-mediated matrix reinforcement, ama-plasticizers ahamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela ekuqineni nasekuqhekekeni.
Indima Encishisiwe Yezinzinzisi ze-PVC: Izindlela Nenani
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Ama-stabilizer e-PVC abhekana nalawa maphuzu obuhlungu ngokukhomba izindlela zokuwohloka ezingeni lamangqamuzana, ngokubunjwa kwesimanje okuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezisebenzayo:
▼ Ama-Thermal Stabilizers
Lezi zisebenza njengama-HCl ama-scavenger kanye nama-terminators e-chain:
• Banciphisa i-HCl ekhishiwe (ngokusabela ngezinsipho zensimbi noma ama-organic ligands) ukuze kumiswe i-autocatalysis, banwebe ukuzinza kwewindi lokucubungula ngemizuzu engu-20–40.
• Ama-co-stabilizer e-organic (isb., ama-phenol avinjiwe) abamba ama-radicals mahhala akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuwohloka, alondoloze ubuqotho beketango lamangqamuzana futhi avimbele ukuguquguquka kombala.
▼ Iziqinisekiso zokukhanya
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Kuhlanganiswe nezinhlelo ezishisayo, amunca noma ahlakaze amandla e-UV:
• Izithambisi ze-UV (isb, ama-benzophenones) ziguqula imisebe ye-UV ibe ukushisa okungenangozi, kuyilapho izimilisi zokukhanya ze-amine ezivinjiwe (i-HALS) zikhiqiza kabusha amasegimenti e-polymer eyonakele, okuphinda kabili impilo yesevisi yangaphandle yento ebalulekile.
▼ Amafomula Eco-Friendly
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Iziqinisi eziyinhlanganisela ye-calcium-zinc (Ca-Zn).zithathele indawo okuhlukile kwensimbi enzima, zihlangabezana nezimfuneko zokulawula kuyilapho zigcina ukusebenza. Baphinde banciphise ukukhishwa kwe-VOC ngo-15-25% ngokunciphisa ukuwohloka kokushisa ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
Ama-Stabilizers Njengesixazululo Esiyisisekelo
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Iziqinisi ze-PVC azizona nje izithasiselo-zinika amandla ukukhiqizwa kwe-PVC-AL okusebenzayo. Ngokunciphisa ukuwohloka kokushisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho, nokuthuthukisa ukuqina, baxazulula amaphutha angaphakathi e-polymer. Sesikushilo lokho, azikwazi ukubhekana nazo zonke izinselelo zemboni: intuthuko kumapulasitiki asekelwe ku-bio kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwamakhemikhali kusadingeka ukuze kuhambisane ngokugcwele ne-PVC-AL nezinjongo zomnotho eziyindilinga. Nokho, okwamanje, izinhlelo zokuzinzisa ezithuthukisiwe ziyindlela evuthwe kakhulu ngokobuchwepheshe futhi engabizi kakhulu eya esikhumbeni sokwenziwa se-PVC sekhwalithi ephezulu, esithobelanayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-12-2025