Imikhiqizo yephansi ye-vinyl kanye ne-PVC yokuhlobisa isibe yizinto eziyinhloko ezindlini zangaphakathi zesimanje, ngenxa yokuqina kwayo, ukuguquguquka kwayo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Kusukela kumapulangwe ephansi e-SPC (Stone Plastic Composite) kuya ekubumbeni okuhlotshisiwe, amaphaneli odonga, kanye nokuhlobisa okusemaphethelweni, le mikhiqizo incike kakhulu ezinqubweni eziqondile zokubumba umjovo ukuze kufezwe ikhwalithi efanayo. Enhliziyweni yale nqubo kunendawo ebalulekile evame ukunganakwa kuze kube yilapho kuvela izinkinga: iziqinisi ze-PVC zokujova.
Ukubumba i-PVC ngomjovo wokusetshenziswa phansi kanye nokuhlobisa kudinga ibhalansi ebucayi—izinto zokwakha kumele zimelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu okucubungula (160–200℃) ngaphandle kokuwohloka, zigcine ukubukeka okuhle (umbala ofanayo, ubuso obubushelelezi), futhi zihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zemvelo. Ukukhetha i-stabilizer engaphansi kokulinganisela kungaholela ezinkingeni ezibizayo: amapulangwe aphuzi, “ukuqhakaza” kobuso, imiphetho ephukile, noma ngisho nokuvalwa kwemigqa yokukhiqiza. Le bhulogi ichaza indlela yokukhetha, ukusebenzisa, kanye nokwenza ngcono i-PVC stabilizers yokubumba ngomjovo kuphansi kwe-vinylkanye namaphrojekthi okuhlobisa, ukuxazulula izinselele zangempela ezibhekene nabakhiqizi kanye nabathuthukisi bemikhiqizo.
Kungani Ukubumba I-PVC Ngomjovo Wokufaka Iphansi Nokuhlobisa Kudinga Izithambisi Ezikhethekile
Ukungazinzi okungokwemvelo kwe-PVC ngaphansi kokushisa nokucheba kwenza iziqinisi zingaxoxiswani ngokubumba ngomjovo. Ngokungafani nezinqubo zokukhipha, ukubumba ngomjovo kubeka i-PVC ezingeni lokushisa elikhuphuka ngokushesha, umfutho ophezulu, kanye nezikhathi zokuhlala ezimfushane emgqonyeni—izimo ezisheshisa i-dehydrochlorination (ukukhululwa kwe-HCl) kanye nokuwohloka kwe-molecular chain. Ngephansi le-vinyl kanye nemikhiqizo yokuhlobisa, izingqinamba ziphakeme:
Ukuhlobisaukunemba: Amapulangwe phansi kanye nezingubo zokuhlobisa zidinga umbala ohambisanayo, ukucwebezela, kanye nokushelela kwendawo. Ngisho nokushintsha kombala okuncane noma ukuqhakaza (ukuqhakaza) konakalisa ukuthengiseka.
Ukuqina kwemishini: Izitezi kumele zimelane nokuhamba kwezinyawo, kuyilapho ukubumba okuhlotshisiwe kudinga ukumelana nokushayisana. Izithambisi zithinta amandla okuncibilika kwe-PVC kanye nezakhiwo zokugcina zokuthambekela.
Ukuthobela imithetho yemvelo: Imithetho yomhlaba wonke (i-EU REACH, i-US FDA) iyawenqabela ama-heavy metal afana ne-lead kanye ne-cadmium emikhiqizweni yabathengi, okusunduzela imboni ezindleleni ezingasetshenziswa ngendlela enobungani nemvelo.
Ezingxenyeni zephansi ze-vinyl ezibunjwe ngomjovo—njengezihlanganisi ezixhumene, amaphrofayili onqenqema, noma izinto zokuhlobisa—iziqinisi akumele nje zivimbele ukuwohloka kokushisa kodwa futhi zithuthukise ukucutshungulwa. Iziqinisi ezingalingani kahle ziholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokuqhekeka kokuncibilika, ukunqwabelana kwediphozithi yesikhunta, noma ubukhulu bezingxenye obungaguquki—konke okunyusa amazinga okulahla imfucuza.
Ukuxazulula OkuvamileIsiqinisi se-PVCIzinselele Ekubunjweni Kwemijovo
Ngisho noma uhlobo olufanele lwesiqinisi, abakhiqizi bavame ukubhekana nezinkinga zohlelo lokusebenza ezibeka engcupheni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngezansi kunezixazululo ezisebenzayo zezinkinga ezivame ukuhlangatshezwana nazo ekubumbeni phansi kwe-vinyl kanye nokubumba umjovo wokuhlobisa:
1. Ukuwohloka Kokushisa (Iphunga Eliphuzi, Elivuthayo)
Inkinga: Imiphetho yephansi noma imininingwane yokuhlobisa iba phuzi/nsundu ngesikhathi sokubumba; imishini ikhipha iphunga elibi le-HCl. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho iziqinisi zehluleka ukuthulisa i-HCl noma ukumelana namazinga okushisa okucubungula.
Izimbangela: Umthamo onganele wokuzinzisa, izinzisa ezisezingeni eliphansi ezinezithako ezisebenzayo ezibuthakathaka, noma amazinga okushisa okucubungula adlula ububanzi bokuzinzisa. Kumapulangwe aqinile phansi, ukwakheka kokushisa esikhumbeni kwenza kube kubi kakhulu ukuwohloka.
Izixazululo:
- Khulisa umthamo wokuzinzisa ngo-0.5–1 phr (izingxenye nge-resin eyikhulu) ezingxenyeni eziqinile; sebenzisa izinzinzisi ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisiwe ezine-synergists (isb., uwoyela wesoya oxutshwe ne-epoxidized) ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kokushisa.
- Yehlisa izinga lokushisa lebhareli ngo-5–10℃ bese wehlisa isivinini sesikulufo ukuze unciphise isikhathi sokuhlala.
- Shintshela ku-Ca-Zn esebenza kahle kakhulu noma i-organic tin stabilizer esebenza kahle kakhulu ku-180–190℃.
2. I-Surface Bloom (Ukushisa Okumhlophe)
Inkinga: Ifilimu emhlophe, efana nempuphu yakheka phezu kophahla olubunjwe ngomjovo noma izinto zokuhloba, okonakalisa ubuhle kanye nokunamathela.
Izimbangela: Ukuhambisana okungekuhle phakathi kwesiqinisi kanye ne-resin ye-PVC, noma amafutha amaningi anesisindo esincane sama-molecule kufomula yesiqinisi. Lokhu kuvamile ngeziqinisi ze-Ca-Zn ezisezingeni eliphansi.
Izixazululo: – Khetha isiqinisi esinezinhlayiya eziguqulwe ubuso ukuze uthuthukise ukusabalala kwe-PVC; gwema iziqinisi ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-stearic acid.
- Hlakaza kusengaphambili iziqinisi zibe yi-masterbatch ene-resin ye-PVC ngaphambi kokubumba ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo.
- Nciphisa umthamo wokuqinisa osizayo bese ushintsha izithambisi ezincibilikisa kancane ngezinketho ezinesisindo esiphezulu sama-molecule.
3. Ukugeleza Okubi Kokuncibilika (Ukugcwaliswa Okungaphelele, Ukuqhekeka Kokuncibilika)
Inkinga: Izihlanganisi zophansi ezibunjwe ngomjovo noma amaphethini okuhlobisa awaphelele; izindawo zibonisa amaqhubu noma ukuthungwa okungalingani ngenxa yamandla ancibilikayo amancane.
Izimbangela: Izithambisi ezandisa ukuncibilika okuncibilikayo, noma ukuthambisa okwanele ohlelweni lokuzinzisa. Izithambisi zomhlaba ezingavamile zivame ukuba nale nkinga lapho zinomthwalo omningi.
Izixazululo:
- KhethaIsiqinisi se-Ca-Znelungiselelwe ukugeleza—funa amafomula anosayizi wezinhlayiya olawulwayo kanye nezisheshisi zokwenza ipulasitiki.
- Engeza u-0.3–0.5 phr wokugcoba kwangaphandle (isb., i-polyethylene wax) ukuze uthuthukise ukugeleza kokuncibilika ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuzinza.
- Lungisa izinga lokushisa lesikhunta (likhuphuke ngo-10–15℃) ukuze unciphise ukumelana nokuncibilika ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa.
4. Ukungalandeli imithetho yomthetho
Inkinga: Imikhiqizo yehluleka ukuhlolwa kwensimbi esindayo (umthofu, i-cadmium) noma yeqa imingcele yokufuduka kwezinto zokuhlobisa zokudla noma zezingane.
Izimbangela: Ukusebenzisa iziqinisi zosawoti we-lead legative noma iziqinisi ze-Ca-Zn zezinga eliphansi ezingcoliswe yizinsimbi ezisindayo.
Izixazululo: – Iziqinisi ezivela kubahlinzeki abanezitifiketi zezinkampani zangaphandle (REACH, FDA) eziqinisekisa ukungabi nobuthi.
- Beka phambili ukwakheka kwe-Ca-Zn “okungenalo insimbi esindayo”—abakhiqizi abadumile banikeza imibiko yokuhlola eqondene neqembu.
- Gwema ukuxuba izinhlobo zokuzinzisa; izinsalela zemishini engcolile ngomthofu zingonakalisa amaqoqo ahambisanayo.
Ukukhetha Iziqinisi ze-PVC Zokubumba Umjovo
Ukukhetha isiqinisi esifanele akuyona into yokuqagela—kudinga ukuvumelanisa izidingo zomkhiqizo, izimo zokucubungula, kanye nezidingo zomthetho. Landela lolu hlaka lokwenza izinqumo ngokuqiniseka:
Chaza Izinto Eziza Kuqala Zomkhiqizo
Qala ngokuhlonza izinto ezingaxoxiswana ngazo: Izinto zokuhlobisa: Ingabe udinga ukucaca (isb. amaphaneli okuhlobisa) noma ubumhlophe obuhlala bukhona (phansi le-SPC)? Ithini lemvelo noma i-Ca-Zn emsulwa kakhulu isebenza kahle kakhulu.
Indawo yokusetshenziswa kokugcina: Ingabe umkhiqizo uzovezwa ku-UV (ukuhlobisa kwangaphandle) noma ukuguguleka okukhulu (phansi)? Iziqinisi ze-Ca-Zn ezingavamile noma ezithuthukisiwe ze-UV zingcono.
Imithethonqubo: Izimakethe eziqondiwe (i-EU, i-US, i-Asia) zinezindinganiso ezahlukene—qinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho kusenesikhathi ukuze ugweme ukuphinde usebenze.
Qondanisa i-Stabilizer nemibandela yokucubungula
Amapharamitha okubumba umjovo anquma ukusebenza kwe-stabilizer: Izinga lokushisa: Ukubumba okushisa okuphezulu (≥190℃) kudinga i-organic tin noma i-Ca-Zn ethuthukisiwe kanye nama-synergists.
Isikhathi somjikelezo: Imijikelezo esheshayo idinga izinto eziqinisayo ezine-plasticization esheshayo (isb., i-Ca-Zn ephansi) ukuze kugwenywe ukubumbana.
Uhlobo lwemishini: Imishini egobile kakhulu enezikulufo ezimbili idinga iziqinisi ezihlakazekile kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuwohloka kwe-shear.
Hlola Ukuhambisana Nokusebenza
Ungalokothi weqe ukuhlolwa kweqembu elincane. Yenza izivivinyo ukuze uhlole: Ukucubungula ukuqina: Hlola ukushintsha kombala, ama-mold deposits, kanye nokuvumelana kokugcwalisa.
Izakhiwo zokugcina: Hlola amandla okuthamba, ukumelana nokushayisana, kanye nekhwalithi yobuso (ukucwebezela, ukuqhakaza).
Ukuqina kwesikhathi eside: Yenza izivivinyo zokuguga kokushisa (70℃ amahora angu-72) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umbala nokuqina kugcinwe—kubalulekile kakhulu phansi.
Izindleko Nenani Lebhalansi
Nakuba i-organic tin inikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu, ama-Ca-Zn stabilizer anciphisa izindleko ngo-30-40% wemikhiqizo engabonakali. Bala izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi: i-Ca-Zn stabilizer ebiza kancane esebenza kahle kakhulu ingase yehlise amazinga okulahlwa (ngokunciphisa amaphutha) ngaphezu kwenketho eshibhile, esebenza kahle.
Ekufakweni kwe-vinyl kanye nokubumba umjovo wokuhlobisa, iziqinisi ze-PVC zingaphezu nje kwesithasiselo esisebenzayo—ziyimbangela yekhwalithi, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuhambisana. Ukunciphisa amathuba okusebenzisa iziqinisi kuholela ezinkingeni ezibizayo kanye nezingozi zomthetho, kuyilapho ukutshala imali kufomula efanele kukhulisa ukuhambisana kokukhiqiza kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside komkhiqizo.
Ngokubeka phambili ukuhambisana nezimo zakho zokucubungula, ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zomthetho, nokuhlola ngokuqinile, ungaguqula ukukhetha kwe-stabilizer kube yinzuzo yokuncintisana. Kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, kulungiselelwe kahleIziqinisi ezihlanganisiwe ze-Ca-Zninikeza ibhalansi engcono kakhulu—kodwa unganqikazi ukuthuthukela ku-organic tin noma izinketho ze-rare earth zemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu noma ekhethekile.
Khumbula: Isiqinisi esingcono kakhulu akuyona ebiza kakhulu noma ethandwa kakhulu—yileyo eyenzelwe izidingo ezihlukile zomkhiqizo wakho. Ngendlela efanele, uzogwema izingibe ezivamile futhi ulethe phansi kwe-vinyl okubunjwe ngomjovo kanye nemikhiqizo yokuhlobisa evelele emakethe egcwele abantu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-03-2026