Isikhumba sokwenziwa (noma isikhumba sokwenziwa) sesibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini kusukela kwezemfashini kuya kwezezimoto, ngenxa yokuqina kwaso, ukuthengeka kwaso, kanye nokuguquguquka kwaso. Nokho, kubakhiqizi besikhumba sokwenziwa abasekelwe ku-PVC, into eyodwa ivame ukuma phakathi kokukhiqizwa okubushelelezi kanye nobuhlungu obubizayo:Iziqinisi ze-PVCLezi zithasiselo zibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuwohloka kwe-PVC ngesikhathi sokucubungula izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (njengokuhlela noma ukumboza), kodwa ukukhetha isiqinisi esingalungile—noma ukuphatha kabi ukusetshenziswa kwaso—kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwekhwalithi, izinhlawulo zomthetho, kanye nokulahlekelwa yinzuzo.
Ake sihlaziye amaphuzu abuhlungu kakhulu abakhiqizi besikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC ababhekana nawo ngezithambisi-ndlela, kanye nezixazululo ezisebenzayo zokuzilungisa.
Iphuzu Lobuhlungu 1: Ukuzinza Okubi Kokushisa = Izinto Ezilahliwe Nokwenqatshwa
Ukukhungatheka okukhulu? I-PVC yonakala kalula uma ishiswa ngaphezu kuka-160°C—okuyizinga lokushisa elisetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa ama-resin e-PVC nama-plasticizers bese kwakha isikhumba sokwenziwa. Ngaphandle kokuzinza okuphumelelayo, izinto ziphenduka zibe phuzi, ziqhekeke, noma zikhiphe umusi onobuthi (njenge-hydrochloric acid). Lokhu kuholela ku:
• Amanani aphezulu ezinto ezilahliwe (kufika ku-15% kwezinye izimboni).
• Izindleko zokulungisa kabusha amaqoqo anephutha.
• Ukubambezeleka ekuhlangabezaneni nama-oda amakhasimende.
Isixazululo: Shintshela ku-High-Efficiency Composite Stabilizers
Iziqinisi zendabuko ze-single-component (isb., usawoti we-lead oyisisekelo) zivame ukwehluleka uma zichayeka ekushiseni isikhathi eside. Esikhundleni salokho, khethaiziqinisi ezihlanganisiwe ze-calcium-zinc (Ca-Zn)noma iziqinisi ze-organotin—zombili zenzelwe izidingo ezihlukile zokucubungula isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC:
• Izingxube ze-Ca-Zn zinikeza ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kokushisa (kumelana no-180–200°C imizuzu engaphezu kuka-30) futhi ziyahambisana nezithambisi ezisetshenziswa esikhumbeni sokwenziwa esiguquguqukayo.
• Iziqinisi ze-Organotin (isb., i-methyltin) ziletha ukucaca okuphezulu kanye nokugcinwa kombala—zilungele isikhumba sokwenziwa sekhwalithi ephezulu (isb., imfashini ye-vegan, upholstery wobukhazikhazi).
• Icebiso Elihle: Hlanganisa izinto eziqinisayo nezinye izithako ezifana nama-antioxidants noma ama-UV absorber ukuze wandise ukumelana nokushisa.
Iphuzu Lobuhlungu 2: Ukungalandeli Imithetho Yezemvelo Nemithetho
Imithethonqubo yomhlaba wonke (i-EU REACH, i-US CPSC, amazinga e-GB aseShayina) ilwa neziqinisi ezinobuthi—ikakhulukazi i-lead, i-cadmium, kanye nezinketho ezisekelwe ku-mercury. Abakhiqizi abaningi basathembele kusawoti we-lead oshibhile, kodwa babhekana kuphela no:
• Ukuvinjelwa kokungenisa impahla esiqediwe.
• Izinhlawulo ezinkulu ngokungalandeli imithetho.
• Ukonakala kwedumela lomkhiqizo (abathengi bafuna isikhumba esenziwe "esiluhlaza").
Isixazululo: Sebenzisa Izinzinzisi Ezivikela Imvelo, Ezihambisana Nomthetho
Lahla izinsimbi ezisindayo ezinobuthi ukuze uthole ezinye izindlela ezingenalo i-lead, ezingenayo i-cadmium ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke:
• Iziqinisi ze-Ca-Zn: Zihambisana ngokugcwele ne-REACH kanye ne-RoHS, okwenza zibe zilungele abakhiqizi abagxile ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe.
• Iziqinisi zomhlaba ezingavamile: Inketho entsha ehlanganisa ukuzinza kokushisa nobuthi obuphansi—ilungele imigqa yesikhumba yokwenziwa enelebula lemvelo.
• Hlola uchungechunge lwakho lokuhlinzeka: Sebenzisana nabaphakeli be-stabilizer abahlinzeka ngezitifiketi zokuthobela imithetho ezivela eceleni (isib. i-SGS, i-Intertek) ukuze ugweme ubuthi obufihliwe.
Iphuzu Lobuhlungu 3: Ukuthamba Okungaguquguquki Nokuqina
Ukukhanga kwesikhumba sokwenziwa kuncike ekhwalithini yokuthinteka—siqinile kakhulu, futhi asisebenzi endwangu; sibuthakathaka kakhulu, futhi sidabula izicathulo. Ama-stabilizer athinta ngqo lokhu: izinketho zekhwalithi ephansi zingasabela kuma-plasticizer, zinciphise ukuguquguquka noma zenze izinto ziqine ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isixazululo: Ama-Stabilizer Okulungisa Izinto Ukuze Asetshenziswe Ngokuphelele
Akuzona zonke izikhumba zokwenziwa ezifanayo—ngakho-ke isiqinisi sakho akufanele sifane naso. Yenza ngokwezifiso ifomula yakho ngokusekelwe kumkhiqizo:
• Ngezicelo ezithambile (isib. amagilavu, izikhwama): Sebenzisaiziqinisi ze-Ca-Zn eziwuketshezi, ezixutshwa ngokulinganayo nama-plasticizer ukuze zilondoloze ukuguquguquka.
• Kokusetshenziswa okunzima (isib. izihlalo zezimoto, amabhande ezimboni): Engezaiziqinisi ze-barium-zinc (Ba-Zn)ngamafutha kasoya afakwe i-epoxidized (ESBO) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokudabuka.
• Hlola amaqoqo amancane kuqala: Yenza izivivinyo ezinamazinga ahlukene okuzinza (ngokuvamile u-1–3% wesisindo se-resin ye-PVC) ukuze uthole indawo enhle phakathi kokuthamba nokuzinza.
Iphuzu Lobuhlungu 4: Izindleko Ezikhuphukayo Zezinto Zokusetshenziswa Eziqinile
Ngo-2024-2025, amanani ezithako ezibalulekile zokuzinzisa (isb. i-zinc oxide, ama-organic tin compounds) akhuphuke kakhulu ngenxa yokushoda kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Lokhu kunciphisa izinzuzo zabakhiqizi besikhumba sokwenziwa abaphansi.
Isixazululo: Lungiselela Isilinganiso Futhi Hlola Ama-Blends Asetshenziswe Kabusha
• Sebenzisa “umthamo omncane osebenzayo”: Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile iziqinisi kuchitha imali ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Sebenzisana nochwepheshe belebhu ukuhlola iphesenti eliphansi kakhulu leziqinisi (ngokuvamile elingu-0.8–2%) elihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi.
• Hlanganisa iziqinisi eziphinde zasetshenziswa: Kwesikhumba sokwenziwa esingeyona eyekhwalithi ephezulu (isb., ukupakisha, izicathulo ezishibhile), hlanganisa iziqinisi ze-Ca-Zn eziphinde zasetshenziswa ezingu-20-30% nezingezona ezivamile—lokhu kunciphisa izindleko ngo-10-15% ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuzinza.
• Faka izinkontileka zabaphakeli zesikhathi eside: Xoxa ngamanani aqinile nabakhiqizi abathembekile be-stabilizer ukuze ugweme ukuguquguquka kwentengo.
Izinzisi = Umzila Wokukhiqiza
Kubakhiqizi besikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, ukukhetha isiqinisi esifanele akuyona nje into ecatshangwa kamuva—kuyisinqumo esibalulekile esithinta ikhwalithi, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nenzuzo. Ngokulahla izinketho ezindala nezinobuthi zezingxenye ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezinobungani nemvelo, kanye nokwenza ama-formulations afanele ukusetshenziswa kokuphela, unganciphisa imfucuza, ugweme izingozi zomthetho, futhi ulethe imikhiqizo evelele emakethe yokuncintisana.
Ukulungele ukuthuthukisa isu lakho lokuzinzisa? Qala ngokuhlolwa kweqoqo le-Ca-Zn noma i-organotin composites—ibhodlela lakho lezingcezu (kanye nephuzu elibalulekile) kuzokubonga.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-29-2025