Ezweni lokucubungula i-polymer, zimbalwa izithasiselo ezisebenza buthule kodwa ngempumelelo njengeziqinisi zensipho yensimbi. Lezi zinhlanganisela eziguquguqukayo ziwumgogodla wokuqina kwe-PVC (polyvinyl chloride), okuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kusukela kumapayipi aqinile kuya kumafilimu aguquguqukayo kugcina ubuqotho bawo ngaphansi kokushisa, ukucindezeleka, nesikhathi. Kubakhiqizi nonjiniyela ababhekana nezidingo zokukhiqizwa kwe-PVC yesimanje, ukuqonda ukusetshenziswa kwabo akugcini nje ngobuchwepheshe—kubalulekile ekuletheni imikhiqizo yokugcina eqinile nekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ziyini Iziqinisi Zensipho Zensimbi?
Iziqinisi zensipho yensimbiyizinhlanganisela ze-organometallic ezakhiwe ngokuphendula ama-fatty acid (njenge-stearic noma i-lauric acid) nama-metal oxides noma ama-hydroxide. Izinsimbi ezivamile zifaka i-calcium, i-zinc, i-barium, i-cadmium (nakuba incishiswa kancane kancane ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo), kanye ne-magnesium. Umlingo wazo usekulinganiseni izindima ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukuzinzisa i-PVC ngesikhathi sokucubungula okushisa okuphezulu (ukukhipha, ukubumba umjovo) nokuyivikela ekuwohlokeni kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni zokusetshenziswa kokugcina.
Kungani i-PVC Can't Phumelela Ngaphandle Kwabo
I-PVC iyinto esebenzayo, kodwa inesithende sika-Achilles: ukungazinzile kokushisa. Uma ishiswa ngaphezu kuka-160°C (izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokucubungula), amaketanga e-polymer e-PVC ayaphuka, akhiphe i-hydrochloric acid (HCl) ngendlela ezisheshisa ngayo. Lokhu "ku-dehydrochlorination" kuholela ekushintsheni kombala, ukuphuka, kanye nokulahlekelwa amandla emishini—amaphutha abulalayo ezisetshenziswa ezibalulekile njengamapayipi amanzi noma amapayipi ezokwelapha.
Iziqinisi zensipho yensimbi ziphazamisa lo mjikelezo ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:
Ukuqoqwa kwe-HCl: Ziqeda amandla ama-molecule e-HCl ayingozi, ziwavimbele ekukhuthazeni ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo.
Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwe-Ion: Zithatha indawo yama-athomu e-chlorine angazinzile ochungechungeni lwe-polymer ngamaqembu e-metal carboxylate azinzile, okunciphisa ukuwohloka.
Ukusekelwa kwe-Antioxidant: Izinhlobo eziningi zisebenza ngokubambisana nama-antioxidants ukucima ama-free radicals, umkhiqizo ophuma ekushiseni nasekuchayweni yi-UV.
Izicelo Eziyinhloko Ekukhiqizweni kwe-PVC
Iziqinisi zensipho zensimbi zikhanya emikhiqizweni eminingi ye-PVC, ngayinye ifuna ukusebenza okulungiselelwe wena:
Izinzuzo Ezikhuthaza Ukwamukelwa
Yini eyenza iziqinisi zensipho yensimbi zibaluleke kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kwe-PVC? Izinzuzo zazo eziyingqayizivele:
OkubanziUkuhambisanaZisebenza kahle ngama-plasticizer, amafutha okugcoba, kanye nama-filler (isb.,i-calcium carbonate), ukwenza kube lula ukwakheka.
Ukusebenza OkulungiselelweNgokulungisa izilinganiso zensimbi (isb., eziphakemei-zincukuze kube nokuguquguquka, i-calcium eyengeziwe ukuze kube nokuqina), abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukulungisa ukuzinza ngokwezidingo ezithile.
Ukuthobela Imithetho: I-calcium-zincizinhlelo zihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zomhlaba wonke zokuthintana nokudla, amanzi aphuzwayo, kanye nobuthi obuphansi—okubalulekile ekwethembeni kwabathengi.
Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezindleko: Ziletha ukuzinza okuqinile ngentengo ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela ezifana nama-organotins, okwenza zibe zilungele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi obukhulu.
Ikusasa: Ukusimama Nokusebenza Okuphezulu
Njengoba imboni ishintshela ekuzinzeni, izinto zokuqinisa insipho yensimbi nazo ziyashintsha. Ikakhulukazi, ukwakheka kwe-calcium-zinc kuthatha indawo yezinto zokuqinisa ezisekelwe ensimbini esindayo (njengei-leadnoma i-cadmium) ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemigomo enobungani nemvelo. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha ezinsipho zensimbi “eziluhlaza”—kusetshenziswa ama-fatty acid avuselelekayo noma abathwali ababolayo—kunciphisa kakhulu ukuthinteka kwazo kwemvelo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle.
Ngamafuphi, iziqinisi zensipho yensimbi zingaphezu nje kwezithasiselo—ziyizinto ezisizayo. Ziguqula amandla e-PVC abe ukuthembeka, ziqinisekisa ukuthi amapayipi, amaphrofayili, namafilimu esithembele kuwo asebenza njalo, ngokuphephile, nangokuhlala isikhathi eside. Kubakhiqizi abahlose ukuhlala phambili emakethe yokuncintisana, ukukhetha isiqinisi sensipho yensimbi esifanele akuyona nje isinqumo sobuchwepheshe—kuwukuzibophezela ekhwalithini.
Ukulungele ukwenza ngcono amafomula akho e-PVC? Ake sixhumane ukuze sihlole ukuthi izixazululo zensimbi ezilungiselelwe zokuqinisa insipho zingayiphakamisa kanjani imikhiqizo yakho.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-25-2025