I-Polyvinyl chloride ingena ezindleleni eziningi ezibumba izimpilo zethu zansuku zonke kanye nemisebenzi yezimboni. Kusukela kumapayipi athwala amanzi aya emakhaya ethu kuya ezintanjeni ezidlulisela amandla nedatha, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwe-PVC akunakuqhathaniswa. Noma kunjalo, le polymer ethandwayo inephutha elibalulekile: ukungazinzi kokushisa okungokwemvelo. Uma ivezwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu adingekayo ekucutshungulweni—njengokukhipha, ukubumba nge-injection, noma ukulinganisa—i-PVC iqala ukubola, ikhiphe i-hydrogen chloride (HCl) eyingozi futhi ibeke engcupheni ubuqotho besakhiwo sezinto. Yilapho iziqinisi zingena khona, futhi phakathi kwezinketho ezahlukahlukene ezitholakalayo, iziqinisi ze-lead bezilokhu ziyitshe lesisekelo embonini ye-PVC. Ukwakheka kweziqinisi ze-PVC ezisekelwe ku-lead kuthole indawo yazo emashumini eminyaka yokusebenza okuqinisekisiwe, yize futhi zibhekene nokuhlolwa okukhula enkathini yokwanda kokuqwashisa ngemvelo. Kule bhulogi, sizohlola izinhlelo zokusebenza zangempela, izinzuzo ezibalulekile, kanye nemikhawulo engenakugwenywa yalezi ziqinisi, ngenkathi sihlola nokuthi abaholi bemboni bahamba kanjani endaweni eguqukayo yokuzinzisa kwe-PVC.
Ukuqonda indima yeisiqinisi se-leadEkucutshungulweni kwe-PVC, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukusebenza kwazo okuyinhloko. Ezingeni eliyisisekelo, iziqinisi ezisekelwe ku-lead zisebenza njengeziqinisi ezisebenza kahle ze-HCl. Njengoba i-PVC ibola ngaphansi kokushisa, ama-compounds e-lead ku-stabilizer asabela ne-HCl ekhishwe ukuze akhe ama-chloride e-lead azinzile, angancibiliki emanzini. Lokhu kusabela kuphazamisa umjikelezo wokubola okuzenzakalelayo, okuvimbela ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo kweketanga le-polymer. Okuhlukanisa iziqinisi ezisekelwe ku-lead kwezinye izindlela eziningi yikhono lazo lokuhlinzeka ngokuqina kokushisa kwesikhathi eside, hhayi nje ukuvikelwa kwesikhashana ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Lokhu kusebenza okuhlala isikhathi eside kuzenza zibe usizo kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni lapho imikhiqizo ye-PVC kulindeleke ukuthi imelane nezimo zemvelo ezinzima isikhathi eside—ngokuvamile amashumi eminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka okusekelwe ku-lead kuvame ukunikeza inhlanganisela elinganiselayo yokuvikelwa kokushisa kanye nezakhiwo zokugcoba, okwenza kube lula ukucubungula ngokunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-PVC naphakathi kwe-polymer encibilikisiwe kanye nemishini yokucubungula. Lokhu kusebenza okubili kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ehambisanayo nesikhathi esincane sokungasebenzi.
Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwe-lead-basedIsiqinisi se-PVCzigxile kakhulu ezimbonini lapho ukuqina, ukuthembeka, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kungaxoxiswana ngakho. Omunye wemikhakha evelele kakhulu imboni yokwakha, lapho amapayipi e-PVC kanye nezinto zokufakelwa zikhona yonke indawo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi asetshenziselwa ukuphakelwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile, izinhlelo zendle, noma ukudonsa amanzi ngaphansi komhlaba, la mapayipi kumele amelane nokugqwala, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nokucindezeleka kwemishini amashumi eminyaka. Iziqinisi zomthofu zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni lokhu kuphila isikhathi eside; ukuzinza kwazo okuhle kwesikhathi eside okushisa kuvimbela ukuwohloka kwamapayipi ngisho nalapho zivezwa emanzini ashisayo noma elangeni eliqondile. Isibonelo, amapayipi okucindezela e-PVC aqinile aqiniswe ngama-compounds omthofu agcina ubuqotho bawo besakhiwo kanye namandla okuthwala ingcindezi isikhathi eside kakhulu kunalawo asebenzisa iziqinisi ezingaqinile kakhulu. Lokhu kuthembeka yingakho amaphrojekthi amaningi engqalasizinda, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezimo zezulu ezidinga kakhulu, ayethembele kakhulu kuwo ngokomlando.amapayipi e-PVC aqiniswe ngomthofu.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sokusetshenziswa kwe-lead stabilizer yimboni kagesi neye-elekthronikhi, ikakhulukazi ekufakweni kwekhebula nezintambo. I-PVC isetshenziswa kabanzi ekufakweni kwezintambo zikagesi, izintambo zokuxhumana, kanye nezintambo zikagesi ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokufakwani kwezintambo zikagesi, kodwa lezi zakhiwo zingonakala ngokushesha uma izinto zingaqiniswanga kahle. Iziqinisi ezisekelwe ku-lead zivelele lapha ngoba ama-chloride e-lead akhiwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqiniswa nazo ziyiziqinisi zikagesi ezinhle kakhulu, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zokufakwani kwekhebula zihlala zinjalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi ziqinisi zinikeza ukumelana nesimo sezulu okuphezulu, okwenza zibe zilungele ukusetshenziswa kwekhebula langaphandle lapho ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-UV, umswakama, kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kuvamile. Kusukela ezintanjeni zikagesi eziphezulu kuya ezintanjeni zokuxhumana ezingaphansi komhlaba, ukufakwa kwe-PVC okuqiniswa yi-lead kuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kukagesi okuphephile nokuthembekile.I-TopJoy ChemicalIzakhiwo ze-stabilizer ezisekelwe ku-lead zezintambo zenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokusebenza zikagesi eziqinile, ngokushintshashintsha okuncane kwe-batch-to-batch ngenxa yezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezilawulwa yi-PLC ezithuthukisiwe. Lokhu kuhambisana kubalulekile kubakhiqizi bezintambo, abangakwazi ukukhokhela ukuphambuka okungabeka engcupheni ukuphepha kukagesi.
Amaphrofayili efasitela neminyango amelela olunye uhlelo lokusebenza olukhulu lwesiqinisi se-PVC esisekelwe ku-lead. Amaphrofayili e-PVC aqinile ayathandwa ekwakheni ngenxa yokusebenzisa kahle amandla, ukunakekelwa okuphansi, kanye nokumelana nokubola kanye nezinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, la maphrofayili ahlala evezwa yizinto eziphilayo—ukukhanya kwelanga, imvula, iqhwa, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa—okudinga ukusimama kwesimo sezulu okumangalisayo kanye nokugcinwa kombala. Iziqinisi ze-lead zinikeza ukumelana ne-UV okudingekayo ukuvimbela ukushintsha kombala kanye nokuqhekeka, okuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphrofayili agcina ukubukeka kwawo okuhle kanye nobuqotho besakhiwo impilo yonke yesakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo zawo zokugcoba zenza kube lula ukukhipha izimo zephrofayili eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinobukhulu obuqondile, isidingo esiyinhloko sokuqinisekisa ukulingana okufanele kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla ekufakweni kwamafasitela neminyango. Ngenkathi ezinye izindlela ezintsha zokuqinisi ziqala ukuthandwa kulo mkhakha, izinketho ezisekelwe ku-lead zisabambe indawo ezimakethe lapho izindleko kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside kuyizinto eziyinhloko ezibangela lokho.
Izinzuzo zesiqinisi se-PVC esisekelwe kumthofu zidlulela ngale kokusebenza kwazo ezinhlelweni ezithile; ziphinde zinikeze izinzuzo zomnotho nezokucubungula ezihehayo. Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko mhlawumbe kuyinzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu. Iziqinisi ezisekelwe kumthofu zinesilinganiso esiphezulu sokusebenza-kuya-kwezindleko, ezidinga imithamo ephansi kunezinye iziqinisi eziningi ezihlukile ukuze kufinyelelwe izinga elifanayo lokuvikelwa. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zezinto zokwakha kubakhiqizi, okuyisici esibalulekile ezimbonini ezithinta intengo njengokwakha nezinsiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhambisana kwazo nohlu olubanzi lwezinhlobo ze-PVC—kusukela ku-rigid kuya ku-semi-rigid kuya ku-flexible—kuzenza zibe yisisombululo esiguquguqukayo, kuqede isidingo sezinhlobo eziningi zesiqinisi emigqeni ehlukene yomkhiqizo. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenza kube lula ukuphathwa kwempahla kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza, kunciphise kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yesiqinisi se-lead yifasitela labo elibanzi lokucubungula. Abakhiqizi be-PVC bavame ukusebenza kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene kanye nesivinini sokucubungula, futhi iziqinisi ezisekelwe ku-lead zinikeza ukusebenza okulinganayo kuzo zonke lezi ziguquguquko. Izakhiwo zabo zokugcoba zinciphisa ukungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokukhipha kanye nokubumba, zivimbele ukwakheka kwe-die futhi ziqinisekise izindawo zomkhiqizo ezibushelelezi, ezifanayo. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kodwa futhi kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ngokunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi sokuhlanza nokulungisa imishini. Kubakhiqizi abasebenza ne-PVC esetshenzisiwe,iziqinisi ezisekelwe kumthofuzibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yekhono lazo lokuzinzisa amaketanga e-polymer awonakele kakhulu avame ukutholakala ezintweni eziphinde zasetshenziswa. Lokhu kusekela imizamo yomnotho oyindilinga ngokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza ye-PVC, yize kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinto ezibhekwayo zomthetho zisasebenza emikhiqizweni ephinde yasetshenziswa equkethe i-lead.
Naphezu kwendima yazo yesikhathi eside kanye nezinzuzo ezibalulekile, isiqinisi se-PVC esisekelwe kumthofu sibhekene nemikhawulo engenakugwenywa, egxile kakhulu empilweni, ukukhathazeka ngemvelo, kanye nemithetho eguqukayo. Umthofu uyinsimbi esindayo enobuthi engapheli engaqongelela emzimbeni womuntu kanye nasendaweni ezungezile, okubeka izingozi ezinkulu zempilo kubasebenzi ababandakanyeka ekucutshungulweni kwe-PVC kanye nabasebenzisi bokugcina uma imikhiqizo iphuma kumthofu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lobu buthi buholele emithethweni eqinile elawula ukusetshenziswa kweziqinisi ezisekelwe kumthofu ezindaweni eziningi. Iziqondiso ze-REACH kanye ne-RoHS ze-European Union, isibonelo, zivimbela kakhulu noma zivimbela ukusetshenziswa komthofu ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-PVC, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihilela ukuxhumana kokudla, amadivayisi ezokwelapha, kanye nemikhiqizo yezingane. Imithetho efanayo iye yamukelwa eNyakatho Melika, eJapane, nakwezinye izimakethe ezithuthukile, inciphisa ukusebenza kweziqinisi ezisekelwe kumthofu kulezi zifunda.
Esinye isithiyo inkinga yokudaya i-sulfur. Ama-compounds e-lead asabela ezintweni eziqukethe i-sulfur, okuholela ekushintsheni kombala kwemikhiqizo ye-PVC. Lokhu kuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kweziqinisi ezisekelwe ku-lead ekusetshenzisweni lapho ukuhambisana kombala kubalulekile khona, noma lapho imikhiqizo ingase ihlangane nezindawo ezicebile nge-sulfur—njengezindawo ezithile zezimboni noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle eduze kwezitshalo zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziqinisi ezisekelwe ku-lead azifanele imikhiqizo ye-PVC esobala, njengoba zivame ukuveza ubumnyama noma umbala omncane, zikhawulele ukusetshenziswa kwazo ekusetshenzisweni okufana nokupakisha okucacile noma amafilimu asobala.
Umthelela wemvelo weziqinisi ezisekelwe kumthofu udlulela ngale kobuthi bazo. Ukumbiwa nokucutshungulwa komthofu kudinga izinsiza eziningi futhi kuyalimaza imvelo, okubangela ukungcoliswa kwenhlabathi namanzi. Ukulahlwa kwemikhiqizo ye-PVC equkethe umthofu nakho kudala izinselele, njengoba ukulahlwa okungafanele kungakhipha umthofu emvelweni. Lezi zinkinga zemvelo ziye zaholela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obuhlukile bokuzinzisa, njengeiziqinisi ze-calcium-zinc (Ca-Zn), ezingenabo ubuthi futhi ezinobungani nemvelo. Nakuba lezi zindlela zenze intuthuko enkulu ekusebenzeni, zisavame ukuza nezindleko eziphakeme noma amafasitela okucubungula amancane uma kuqhathaniswa neziqinisi ezisekelwe ku-lead, ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni okudinga ukuzinza kokushisa kwesikhathi eside.
Kubakhiqizi abadlula kule ndawo eyinkimbinkimbi, ukubambisana nomhlinzeki we-stabilizer onolwazi kubalulekile. Izinkampani ezifana ne-TopJoy Chemical ziyaqaphela izidingo ezimbili zomkhakha: ukugcina ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko ngenkathi zilandela imithetho eguqukayo. Ngenkathi i-TopJoy Chemical yandise iphothifoliyo yayo ukuze ifake izithambisi ze-Ca-Zn ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo sezixazululo ezinobungani nemvelo, iyaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngamamaki ezithambisi ezisekelwe ku-lead ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezimakethe nasezinhlelweni lapho zihlala zihambisana futhi zidingeka khona. Lezi zindlela ezisekelwe ku-lead zakhiwe ngokuphepha engqondweni, zifaka amafomu angenawo uthuli noma ama-flake ukuze kuncishiswe ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi ngesikhathi sokuphatha—ukuthuthuka okubalulekile kunezithambisi ze-lead eziphuphuwe zendabuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi ze-TopJoy Chemical ziqinisekisa ukuthi izithambisi zazo ezisekelwe ku-lead zihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zemboni zokuvumelana nokusebenza, zisiza abakhiqizi ukugwema izinkinga zokukhiqiza ezibizayo futhi ziqinisekise ukuhambisana nomthetho.
Uma sibheka phambili, indima yesiqinisi se-PVC esisekelwe kumthofu cishe izoqhubeka nokuncipha ezimakethe ezithuthukile njengoba imithetho iqina futhi ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile buthuthuka. Kodwa-ke, ezimakethe eziningi ezisafufusa lapho imithetho ingenabo ubukhali futhi izindleko ziyizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, iziqinisi ezisekelwe kumthofu zizohlala ziyinketho efanelekile esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo. Kulezi zimakethe, abahlinzeki abanjengoTopJoy Chemical badlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni izixazululo eziphephile nezisezingeni eliphezulu ezisekelwe kumthofu ngenkathi befundisa amakhasimende ngezinzuzo zokushintshela kwezinye izindlela eziqhubekayo njengoba imithetho ishintsha.
Ekuphetheni, iziqinisi zomthofu bezilokhu zisebenza kakhulu embonini ye-PVC amashumi eminyaka, zinikeza ukuzinza kokushisa kwesikhathi eside okungenakuqhathaniswa, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwezicelo ezibalulekile njengemipayipi yokwakha, izintambo zikagesi, kanye namaphrofayili amafasitela. Imikhawulo yazo—egxile ebuthi, imikhawulo yokulawula, kanye nomthelela wezemvelo—ibalulekile, kodwa ayinciphisi ukubaluleka kwayo okuqhubekayo ezimakethe ezithile. Njengoba imboni iqhubekela emikhubeni eqhubekayo, ukugxila kushintshela kobuchwepheshe obuhlukile bokuzinzisa, kodwa iziqinisi zomthofu zizohlala ziyingxenye ebalulekile yendawo ye-PVC iminyaka ezayo. Ngokubambisana nomhlinzeki onjenge-TopJoy Chemical, abakhiqizi bangafinyelela izixazululo ezifanele zokuzinzisa ngezidingo zabo ezithile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokho kusho ukwakheka okusekelwe kumthofu okusebenza kahle kakhulu ezimakethe ezithobela imithetho noma ezinye izindlela ezinobungani nemvelo zezifunda ezinemithethonqubo eqinile yezemvelo. Ekugcineni, umgomo ukulinganisela ukusebenza, izindleko, kanye nokusimama—inselele edinga ubuchwepheshe, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nokuqonda okujulile kokubili izidingo zemboni zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-19-2026