Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwe-PVC kuza nomkhawulo obalulekile: ubuthakathaka bayo bemvelo bokuwohloka lapho ibhekene nokushisa kanye nokucindezeleka komshini ngesikhathi sokucubungula.Iziqinisi ze-PVCgcwalisa lesi sikhala njengezithasiselo ezibalulekile, ulondoloze isakhiwo se-polymer kanye nezakhiwo zokusebenza. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuzinzisa ezitholakalayo, izinhlobo zoketshezi kanye nempuphu zihamba phambili emakethe, ngayinye inikeza izici ezihlukile, izinzuzo, kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa ezifanele.
Ngaphambi kokuhlola izici eziyisisekelo zokuqiniswa koketshezi uma kuqhathaniswa neziqiniswayo zempuphu, kubalulekile ukuqonda izisekelo zokuqiniswa kwe-PVC kanye nesidingo esingaxoxiswana ngaso sokuqiniswa. Isakhiwo sama-molecule se-PVC siqukethe ama-athomu e-chlorine anamathele kumgogodla we-polymer, okwenza ngokwemvelo ingazinzile. Uma ivezwa ekushiseni—njengangesikhathi sokukhipha, ukubumba ngomjovo, noma ukulinganisa—ukucheba ngomshini, noma ngisho nokuvezwa elangeni isikhathi eside, i-PVC ibhekana nokusabela kwe-chain dehydrochlorination. Le nqubo ikhipha igesi ye-hydrogen chloride, esebenza njengesikhuthazi sokusheshisa ukuqiniswa okuqhubekayo, idale umjikelezo omubi. Njengoba ukuqiniswa kuqhubeka, uchungechunge lwe-polymer luyaphuka, okuholela ekushintsheni kombala, ukuphuka, ukulahlekelwa amandla omshini, futhi ekugcineni, ukwehluleka komkhiqizo wokugcina. Ukuqiniswa kwe-PVC kusebenza ngokuphazamisa lo mjikelezo wokuqiniswa ngokusebenzisa indlela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu: ukususa i-HCl ukuvimbela ukusheshisa kwe-catalytic, ukufaka esikhundleni ama-athomu e-chlorine acwebezelayo kuchungechunge lwe-polymer ukunciphisa ukuqala kokuqiniswa, ukuvimbela i-oxidation, noma ukumunca imisebe ye-UV ukuze kusetshenziswe ngaphandle. Iziqiniswayo zokushisa, isethi encane yeziqiniswayo ze-PVC ezigxile ekunciphiseni ukuqiniswa kokushisa ngesikhathi sokucubungula, yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-PVC. Ngenkathi kokubili iziqinisi zoketshezi kanye nempuphu zisebenza njengeiziqinisi zokushisa, isimo sazo somzimba, ukwakheka, kanye nezakhiwo zokuphatha kuholela ekwehlukeni okukhulu ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzisekeni.
Ukuzinza kwe-PVC kusebenza ngokuphazamisa lo mjikelezo wokuwohloka ngokusebenzisa indlela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu: ukuhluza i-HCl ukuvimbela ukusheshisa kwe-catalytic, ukufaka esikhundleni ama-athomu e-chlorine acwebezelayo kuchungechunge lwe-polymer ukunciphisa ukuqala kokuwohloka, ukuvimbela i-oxidation, noma ukumunca imisebe ye-UV. Iziqinisi zokushisa, isethi encane yeziqinisi ze-PVC ezigxile ekunciphiseni ukuwohloka kokushisa ngesikhathi sokucubungula, yizo ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-PVC. Zombili iziqinisi zoketshezi kanye nempuphu zisebenza njengeziqinisi zokushisa, kodwa isimo sazo somzimba, ukwakheka, kanye nezakhiwo zokuphatha zidala umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzisekeni.
Umehluko Obalulekile Phakathi Kweziqinisi Ze-PVC Eziwuketshezi Neziyimpuphu
Iziqinisi ze-PVC eziwuketshezi neziyimpuphu zihlukile kakhulu ngale kwesimo sazo somzimba; ukwakheka kwazo, ukuhambisana ne-PVC nezinye izithasiselo, izidingo zokucubungula, kanye nemiphumela emikhiqizweni yokugcina kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Kusukela ekubunjweni kanye namakhemikhali, iziqinisi ze-PVC eziwuketshezi ngokuvamile ziyizinhlanganisela eziqinile ezisekelwe ensipheni yensimbi—njenge-calcium stearate, i-zinc stearate, noma i-barium stearate—ama-organotin compounds, noma izinhlelo zensimbi ezixubile njenge-calcium-zinc noma i-barium-zinc. Zingase futhi ziqukathe izigcwalisi ezingasebenzi noma izithwali zokuthuthukisa ukugeleza nokusabalala, ngesimo esiqinile esitholakala ngokumisa, ukugaya, noma izinqubo ze-granulation, okuholela emikhiqizweni yempuphu egeleza ngokukhululeka noma ye-granular. Iziqinisi ze-PVC eziwuketshezi, ngokuphambene nalokho, ziyizinhlanganisela eziwuketshezi ezivame ngokusekelwe kumakhemikhali e-organotin (isb., i-dioctyltin maleate), ama-epoxy plasticizers, noma insipho yensimbi ewuketshezi, evame ukufaka ama-co-stabilizers nama-ejenti e-plasticizing ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhambisana nokusebenza. Isimo sazo soketshezi senza kube lula ukufakwa kwezithasiselo ezincibilika kumafutha, okwenza zibe zilungele ukwakheka okudinga ukuguquguquka noma imiphumela ethile yokwenza i-plasticizing.
▼ Ukwakheka kanye Nemvelo Yamakhemikhali
Iziqinisi ze-PVC ze-powderNgokuvamile kuyizinto eziqinile, ezivame ukusekelwe ensipho yensimbi (isb., i-calcium stearate, i-zinc stearate, i-barium stearate), ama-organotin compounds, noma izinhlelo zensimbi ezixubile (i-calcium-zinc, i-barium-zinc). Zingase futhi ziqukathe izigcwalisi noma izithwali ezingasebenzi kahle ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza nokusabalala. Ifomu eliqinile litholakala ngezinqubo zokomisa, ukugaya, noma ukuhlanganisa, okuholela kumkhiqizo wempuphu noma we-granular ogeleza ngokukhululeka.
Iziqinisi ze-PVC ezingamanziNgakolunye uhlangothi, yizinto eziwuketshezi, ngokuvamile ezisekelwe kumakhemikhali e-organotin, ama-epoxy plasticizers, noma insipho yensimbi ewuketshezi. Ngokuvamile zifaka izinto eziqinisayo kanye nezinto eziqinisayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhambisana nokusebenza. Uhlobo oluwuketshezi luvumela ukufakwa kalula kwezithasiselo ezincibilika kumafutha, okwenza zibe zilungele izinto ezidinga ukuguquguquka noma imiphumela ethile yokwenza ipulasitiki.
▼ Ukuhambisana Nokuhlakazeka
Ukuhlakazeka—ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwesiqinisi kuyo yonke i-matrix ye-PVC kubalulekile ekuzinzeni okuphumelelayo, njengoba ukuhlakazeka okubi kuholela ekuvikelweni okungalingani, ukuwohloka kwendawo, kanye nokukhubazeka komkhiqizo. Kulokhu, iziqinisi zoketshezi ziyaphumelela, ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwe-PVC okuguquguqukayo (isb., amafilimu e-PVC, izintambo, amapayipi) anokuqukethwe okukhulu kwe-plasticizer. Njengoba zixubana neziningi zeziqinisi zoketshezi, iziqinisi zoketshezi ziyahlangana kahle ne-PVC compound ngesikhathi sokuxuba, ziqinisekisa ukumbozwa okuhambisanayo kuyo yonke i-matrix ye-polymer futhi zisuse ingozi “yezindawo ezishisayo”—izindawo ezingenakho ukuzinza okwanele—ezingenzeka ngokuhlakazeka okubi. Nokho, iziqinisi zoketshezi zidinga ukuxubana ngokucophelela ukuze kufezwe ukuhlakazeka okuhle, ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwe-PVC okuqinile (isb., amapayipi, amaphrofayili efasitela) lapho amazinga e-plasticizer ephansi noma engekho khona. Izinhlayiya eziqinile kumele zisatshalaliswe kahle ukuze kugwenywe ukuhlangana, okungabangela ukukhubazeka kobuso noma kunciphise ukusebenza kahle kokuzinza. Ngenhlanhla, intuthuko ekwakhiweni kwempuphu, njengempuphu ezincishisiwe kanye nemikhiqizo egobile, ithuthukise amakhono azo okuhlakazeka, yandisa ukusebenza kwazo kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi.
Iziqinisi zoketshezi zisebenza kahle ekusabalaleni, ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwe-PVC okuguquguqukayo okuqukethe inani elikhulu lama-plasticizer. Njengoba iziqinisi zoketshezi zixutshwa nama-plasticizer amaningi, zihlangana kahle ne-PVC compound ngesikhathi sokuxuba, ziqinisekisa ukumbozwa okuqhubekayo kuyo yonke i-polymer matrix. Lokhu kususa ingozi "yezindawo ezishisayo" ezingaba khona ngokusabalala okubi.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinto zokuqinisa i-powder zidinga ukuxubana ngokucophelela ukuze kufezwe ukuhlakazeka okuhle, ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwe-PVC okuqinile lapho amazinga e-plasticizer ephansi noma engekho khona. Izinhlayiya eziqinile kumele zisatshalaliswe kahle ukuze kugwenywe ukuhlangana, okungaholela ekuphazamisekeni kobuso noma ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kokuzinza. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko ekwakhiweni kwe-powder ithuthukise amakhono okuhlakazeka, okwenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi.
▼ Izidingo Zokucubungula Nokusebenza Kahle
Isimo somzimba se-stabilizer sithinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, okuhlanganisa isikhathi sokuxuba, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokushisa kokucubungula. Izithambisi zoketshezi zinciphisa isikhathi sokuxuba kanye nezindleko zamandla ngokuzihlanganisa ngokushesha ekwakhiweni kwe-PVC, zisusa isidingo sezinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuphula izinhlayiya eziqinile. Ziphinde zinciphise i-viscosity yokuncibilika kwe-PVC, zithuthukise ukucutshungulwa ngesikhathi sokukhipha noma ukubumba. Izithambisi zophuphu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zidinga izikhathi zokuxuba ezinde kanye namandla aphezulu okusika ukuqinisekisa ukuhlakazeka okufanele; kwezinye izimo, ukuxuba ngaphambi kwesikhathi nezinye izithasiselo ezomile njengezigcwalisi noma amafutha okugcoba kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza. Lokho kusho ukuthi, izithambisi zophuphu zivame ukunikeza ukuzinza okuphezulu kokushisa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu okucubungula uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye zazo zophuphu, okwenza zifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ezidinga ukucutshungulwa kokushisa okuphezulu, njengokukhishwa kwe-PVC okuqinile emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-180°C.
Iziqinisi zoketshezi zinciphisa izindleko zesikhathi namandla okuxuba ngoba zihlangana ngokushesha ne-PVC compound. Ziphinde zinciphise i-viscosity yokuncibilika kwe-PVC, zithuthukise ukucutshungulwa ngesikhathi sokukhipha noma ukubumba. Lokhu kuzuzisa kakhulu emigqeni yokukhiqiza esheshayo lapho ukusebenza kahle kuyinto eza kuqala.
Iziqinisi zempuphu zidinga izikhathi ezinde zokuxuba kanye namandla aphezulu okusika ukuqinisekisa ukuhlakazeka okufanele. Kwezinye izimo, ukuxuba ngaphambi kwesikhathi nezinye izithasiselo ezomile (isb., izigcwalisi, amafutha okugcoba) kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, iziqinisi zempuphu zivame ukuba nokuzinza okuphezulu kokushisa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu okucubungula uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye ze-liquid, okwenza zifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ezidinga ukucutshungulwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
▼ Izakhiwo Zomkhiqizo Wokugcina
Ukukhetha phakathi kweziqinisi eziwuketshezi nezimpushana nakho kuthinta kakhulu izakhiwo zomkhiqizo wokugcina, okuhlanganisa ukubukeka, ukusebenza kahle kwemishini, kanye nokuqina. Iziqinisi eziwuketshezi zikhethwa kakhulu emikhiqizweni edinga indawo ebushelelezi, ecwebezelayo—njengamafilimu e-PVC, amashidi okuhlobisa, kanye nepayipi lezokwelapha—ngoba ukuhlakazeka kwazo okuphezulu kunciphisa amaphutha obuso njengamabala noma imicu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziqinisi eziningi eziwuketshezi ziqukethe izingxenye zepulasitiki ezihambisana nepulasitiki eyinhloko, ezifaka isandla ekuguquguqukeni okungcono nasekunwetshweni kwemikhiqizo ye-PVC eguquguqukayo. Iziqinisi eziwuketshezi, ngokuphambene, zifaneleka kahle emikhiqizweni ye-PVC eqinile lapho ukuqina nokumelana nomthelela kubalulekile, njengamapayipi, izinto zokufaka, kanye ne-siding. Azifaki isandla ekwenzeni ipulasitiki, ngaleyo ndlela zilondoloze isakhiwo esiqinile se-polymer, futhi zivame ukunikeza ukuzinza okungcono kwesikhathi eside kokushisa emikhiqizweni yokugcina, okwenza zibe zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga impilo yenkonzo ende emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, njengamapayipi ezimboni kanye nezindawo zokuvala zikagesi.
Iziqinisi zoketshezi zikhethwa kakhulu emikhiqizweni edinga indawo ebushelelezi necwebezelayo (isb., amafilimu e-PVC, amashidi okuhlobisa, amapayipi ezokwelapha) ngoba ukuhlakazeka kwazo okuphezulu kunciphisa amaphutha obuso njengamabala noma imicu. Ziphinde zifake isandla ekuguquguqukeni nasekunwebekeni okungcono emikhiqizweni ye-PVC eguquguqukayo, njengoba iziqinisi eziningi zoketshezi ziqukethe izingxenye zepulasitiki ezihambisana ne-plasticizer eyinhloko.
Iziqinisi zempuphu zilungele kahle imikhiqizo ye-PVC eqinile lapho ukuqina kanye nokumelana nomthelela kubalulekile khona (isb. amapayipi, izinto zokufaka, i-siding). Azifaki isandla ekwenzeni ipulasitiki ibe yipulasitiki, ngakho aziphazamisi isakhiwo esiqinile se-polymer. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziqinisi zempuphu zivame ukunikeza ukuzinza okungcono kwesikhathi eside kokushisa emikhiqizweni yokugcina, okwenza zibe zilungele ukusetshenziswa okudinga isikhathi eside senkonzo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (isb. amapayipi ezimboni, izindawo zokuvala zikagesi).
▼ Izindleko Zokucatshangelwa
Izindleko zingenye into ebalulekile ekukhetheni iziqinisi, futhi kubalulekile ukucabangela izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi kunokuba kube yintengo yeyunithi ngayinye. Iziqinisi zoketshezi ngokuvamile zinezindleko eziphezulu ngeyunithi ngayinye kuneziqinisi zothuli, kodwa ukuhlakazeka kwazo okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kokucubungula kunganciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ngokunciphisa imfucuza nokunciphisa izindleko zamandla nezabasebenzi ezihlobene nokuxuba. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, zidinga futhi imithamo emincane, zisuse intengo ephezulu ngeyunithi ngayinye. Iziqinisi zothuli, ngezindleko zazo eziphansi kusengaphambili, ziyakhanga ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezibucayi, kodwa isikhathi esengeziwe sokuxuba, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye namathuba emfucuza ngenxa yokuhlakazeka okubi kungandisa izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo sezinhlelo zokuqoqa uthuli kanye nesitoreji esikhethekile singanezela ezindlekweni zokusebenza.
Iziqinisi zoketshezi ngokuvamile zinezindleko eziphezulu ngeyunithi ngayinye kuneziqinisi zothuli. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlakazeka kwazo okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kokucubungula kunganciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ngokunciphisa imfucuza (imikhiqizo embalwa enephutha) kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zamandla nezabasebenzi ezihlobene nokuxuba. Zidinga futhi imithamo emincane kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, zinciphise intengo ephezulu ngeyunithi ngayinye.
Iziqinisi zempuphu zinezindleko eziphansi kusengaphambili, okwenza zikhange izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esengeziwe sokuxuba, amandla, kanye nethuba lokungcola ngenxa yokuhlakazeka okubi kungandisa izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo sezinhlelo zokuqoqa uthuli kanye nesitoreji esikhethekile singanezela ezindlekweni zokusebenza.
Ukukhetha Phakathi Kweziqinisi Ze-PVC Eziwuketshezi Neziyimpuphu
Ukukhetha isiqinisi esifanele sohlelo lwakho lokusebenza kudinga ukucabangela izici ezahlukahlukene, kuqala ngefomula yakho ye-PVC—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iqinile noma iguquguqukayo. Ku-PVC eguquguqukayo (enokuqukethwe kwe-plasticizer okungaphezu kuka-10%), iziqinisi eziwuketshezi ngokuvamile ziyisinqumo esifanele ngenxa yokuhambisana kwazo nama-plasticizer, okuqinisekisa ukusabalala okuhle kakhulu, kanye nekhono lazo lokuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kanye nekhwalithi yobuso; izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivamile lapha zifaka amafilimu e-PVC, izintambo, amapayipi, ama-gasket, kanye namapayipi ezokwelapha. Ku-PVC eqinile (enokuqukethwe kwe-plasticizer okungaphansi kuka-5% noma okungekho), iziqinisi ezimpushana ziyathandwa, njengoba zingabeki engcupheni ukuqina futhi zinikeza ukuzinza okuphezulu kokushisa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu okucubungula, okwenza zifaneleke kumapayipi, amaphrofayili efasiteleni, ama-siding, ama-fittings, kanye nezindawo zokuvala zikagesi.
Isinyathelo 1: Chaza Ukwakheka Kwakho kwe-PVC (Okuqinile vs. Okuguquguqukayo)
Lesi yisici esibaluleke kakhulu. Ku-PVC eguquguqukayo, iziqinisi zoketshezi ngokuvamile ziyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu. Ukuhambisana kwazo nama-plasticizer kuqinisekisa ukusabalala okuhle kakhulu, futhi zithuthukisa ukuguquguquka kanye nekhwalithi yobuso. Izicelo ezivamile zifaka amafilimu e-PVC, izintambo, amapayipi, ama-gasket, kanye namapayipi ezokwelapha.
Kuma-PVC aqinile, ama-powder stabilizer ayathandwa. Awakhiphi ukuqina futhi ahlinzeka ngokuqina kokushisa okuphezulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu okucubungula. Izicelo zifaka amapayipi, amaphrofayili amafasitela, i-siding, i-fittings, kanye nezindawo zokuvala zikagesi.
Isinyathelo 2: Hlola Izimo Zokucubungula
Cabanga ngokushisa kwakho kokucubungula kanye nesivinini:
Ukucubungula okushisa okuphezulu(>180°C): Iziqinisi zempuphu zinikeza ukuzinza okungcono kokushisa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okwenza zifaneleke ekufakweni kwe-PVC okuqinile noma ekubunjweni komjovo.
Ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo: Iziqinisi zoketshezi zinciphisa isikhathi sokuxuba futhi zithuthukise ukucutshungulwa, okwenza zibe zilungele imigqa esheshayo.
Isinyathelo 3: Beka phambili izidingo zomkhiqizo wokugcina
Uma ukuqeda okubushelelezi nokucwebezelayo kubalulekile—isibonelo, kumashidi okuhlobisa noma kumadivayisi ezokwelapha—iziqinisi zoketshezi zingcono kakhulu. Ukuze kusebenze kahle ngomshini, iziqinisi zoketshezi zingcono emikhiqizweni eqinile edinga ukuqina nokumelana nokushayisana, kuyilapho iziqinisi zoketshezi zikhethwa emikhiqizweni eguquguqukayo edinga ukunwebeka nokuguquguquka. Ukuze kuhlale isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni evezwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu noma ezindaweni ezinzima njengamapayipi ezimboni noma i-siding yangaphandle, iziqinisi zoketshezi zinikeza ukuzinza okungcono kokushisa kwesikhathi eside. Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha kanye nemvelo nakho akunakuxoxiswana ngakho, njengoba izidingo ziyahlukahluka ngokwesifunda kanye nokusetshenziswa. Ukuze uthole ukudla noma ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, khetha iziqinisi ezingezona ezinobuthi—njengeziqinisi zoketshezi ze-calcium-zinc noma iziqinisi zoketshezi ze-organotin zezinga lokudla—ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifana ne-FDA noma i-EU 10/2011. Ngokombono wezemvelo, gwema iziqinisi ezinobuthi njengempuphu esuselwe ku-lead noma ama-organotin athile e-liquid, anqunyelwe ezindaweni eziningi; iziqinisi zoketshezi ze-calcium-zinc ziyindlela ehlukile eqhubekayo.
Isinyathelo 4: Ukuthobela Imithetho Yokuphepha Nezemvelo
Izidingo zomthetho ziyahlukahluka ngokwesifunda kanye nokusetshenziswa, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi ukukhetha kwakho kwe-stabilizer kuyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zendawo:
Ukuxhumana kokudla noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zezokwelapha: Funa iziqinisi ezingezona ezinobuthi (isb., iziqinisi zempuphu ye-calcium-zinc noma iziqinisi ze-organotin eziwuketshezi ezisezingeni lokudla) ezihambisana ne-FDA, i-EU 10/2011, noma ezinye izindinganiso ezifanele.
Ukucabangela imvelo: Gwema izinto eziqinisa ubuthi (isb., impushana ezisekelwe ku-lead, ama-organotin athile aketshezi) anqunyelwe ezindaweni eziningi. Izinto eziqinisa ubuthi ze-calcium-zinc ziyindlela ehlukile eqhubekayo.
Isinyathelo 5: Hlaziya Izindleko Zobunikazi Zonke
Bala isikhathi sokuxuba, izindleko zamandla, kanye namazinga okulahlwa kokubili izinketho zoketshezi kanye nempuphu, bese ucabangela izindleko zokugcina nokuphatha. Ekukhiqizweni komthamo omkhulu, iziqinisi zoketshezi zingase zinikeze izindleko eziphansi eziphelele naphezu kwentengo yazo ephezulu kusengaphambili, kuyilapho iziqinisi zoketshezi zingase zibe ngcono kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni komthamo ophansi, okungabizi kakhulu. Izifundo zamacala angempela zibonisa lezi zimiso zokukhetha: ngamapayipi ezokwelapha e-PVC aguquguqukayo, adinga indawo ebushelelezi, ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo, ukusebenza okuqhubekayo, kanye nesivinini sokucubungula esiphezulu, isiqinisi soketshezi se-organotin siyisixazululo, njengoba sihlangana kahle nama-plasticizer ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza okufanayo kanye nendawo engenasici, sihambisana nemithetho yezokwelapha efana ne-FDA, futhi senza ukukhipha okusheshayo kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhiqiza zomthamo ophezulu. Kumapayipi endle e-PVC aqinile, adinga ukuqina, ukumelana nomthelela, ukuzinza kokushisa kwesikhathi eside, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, isiqinisi soketshezi se-calcium-zinc sifanelekile, njengoba sigcina ukuqina, sinikeza ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kokushisa ngesikhathi sokukhipha ukushisa okuphezulu, sisebenza kahle ekukhiqizweni kwamapayipi amakhulu, futhi sihlangabezana nemithetho yezemvelo ngokugwema izithasiselo ezinobuthi.
Ekuphetheni, kokubili iziqinisi ze-PVC eziwuketshezi kanye nempuphu zibalulekile ekunciphiseni ukuwohloka kwe-PVC, kodwa izici zazo ezihlukile zizenza zifaneleke kangcono ezinhlelweni ezithile. Uma ukhetha isiqinisi, sebenzisa indlela ephelele: qala ngokuchaza ukwakheka kwe-PVC yakho kanye nezidingo zomkhiqizo wokugcina, bese uhlola izimo zokucubungula, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ungakhetha isiqinisi esingavikeli kuphela ekuwohlokeni kwe-PVC kodwa futhi esithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nokusebenza komkhiqizo wokugcina.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-26-2026