Ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yefilimu yokuncipha ye-PVC kunquma ngqo amandla okukhiqiza ebhizinisi, izindleko, kanye nokuncintisana emakethe. Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kabi kanye nokulethwa okulibazisekile, kuyilapho amaphutha ekhwalithi (njengokuncipha okungalingani kanye nokungafihli kahle) kuholela ezikhalweni kanye nokubuyiselwa kwamakhasimende. Ukuze kufezwe ukuthuthukiswa okubili "kokusebenza kahle okuphezulu + ikhwalithi ephezulu," imizamo ehlelekile iyadingeka kuzo zonke izici ezine ezibalulekile: ukulawulwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukulungiswa kwemishini, ukulungiswa kwenqubo, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi. Ngezansi kunezixazululo ezithile nezisebenzayo:
Ukulawulwa Komthombo: Khetha Izinto Zokusetshenziswa Ezifanele Ukuze Unciphise “Izingozi Zokusebenza Kabusha” Ngemva Kokukhiqiza
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyisisekelo sekhwalithi kanye nemfuneko yokusebenza kahle. Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziphansi noma ezingalingani zibangela ukumiswa njalo kokukhiqiza ukuze kulungiswe (isb., ukususa izithiyo, ukuphatha imfucuza), ukunciphisa ngqo ukusebenza kahle. Gxila ezinhlotsheni ezintathu eziyinhloko zezinto zokusetshenziswa:
1.I-PVC Resin: Beka phambili “Izinhlobo Ezihlanzekile Kakhulu + Ezikhethekile Zokusetshenziswa”
• Ukufaniswa Kwemodeli:Khetha i-resin enenani elifanele le-K ngokusekelwe ekujikeni kwefilimu yokuncipha. Kumafilimu amancane (0.01–0.03 mm, isib., ukupakishwa kokudla), khetha i-resin enenani le-K elingu-55–60 (ukugeleza okuhle ukuze kube lula ukukhipha). Kumafilimu amakhulu (0.05 mm+, isib., ukupakishwa kwephalethi), khetha i-resin enenani le-K elingu-60–65 (amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokudabuka). Lokhu kugwema ukujiya kwefilimu okungalingani okubangelwa ukugeleza kwe-resin okungekuhle.
• Ukulawula Ubumsulwa:Funa abaphakeli ukuthi banikeze imibiko yokuhlanzeka kwe-resin, baqinisekise ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-residual vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) ku-<1 ppm kanye nokungcola (isb., uthuli, ama-polymer aphansi) ku-<0.1%. Ukungcola kungavimba ama-extrusion dies futhi kudale imigodi, kudinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokuhlanza futhi kuthinte ukusebenza kahle.
2.Izithasiselo: Gxila “Ekusebenzeni Kahle Kakhulu, Ukuhambisana, kanye Nokuthobela”
• Iziqinisi:Shintsha iziqinisi zikasawoti we-lead ezindala (ezinobuthi futhi ezivame ukuba phuzi) ngei-calcium-zinc (i-Ca-Zn)Iziqinisi ezihlanganisiwe. Lezi azigcini nje ngokuthobela imithetho efana ne-EU REACH kanye noHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu lwe-14 lwaseShayina kodwa futhi zithuthukisa ukuzinza kokushisa. Emazingeni okushisa okukhishwayo angu-170–200°C, zinciphisa ukuwohloka kwe-PVC (ukuvimbela ukuphuzi nokuqhekeka) futhi zehlise amazinga okungcola ngaphezu kuka-30%. Kumamodeli e-Ca-Zn ane-"amafutha akhelwe ngaphakathi," anciphisa nokungqubuzana kokufa futhi andise isivinini sokukhishwa ngo-10–15%.
• Izinto zokwenziwa ngepulasitiki:Beka phambili i-DOTP (dioctyl terephthalate) kune-DOP yendabuko (dioctyl phthalate). I-DOTP ihambisana kangcono ne-resin ye-PVC, inciphisa "ama-exudates" ebusweni befilimu (ukugwema ukunamathela kokugoqa nokuthuthukisa ukucaca) ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ukufana kokuncipha (ukuguquguquka kwesilinganiso sokuncipha kungalawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-±3%).
• ukupakishwa kwezimonyo)• Izithasiselo ezisebenzayo:Kumafilimu adinga ukukhanya (isb., ukupakishwa kwezimonyo), engeza u-0.5–1 phr we-clarifier (isb., i-sodium benzoate). Kumafilimu asetshenziswa ngaphandle (isb., ukupakishwa kwezimonyo), ukupakishwa kwamathuluzi engadini), engeza u-0.3–0.5 phr we-UV absorber ukuze uvimbele ukuphuzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi unciphise ukungcola komkhiqizo oqediwe.
3.Izinto Eziwusizo: Gwema “Ukulahlekelwa Okufihliwe”
• Sebenzisa ama-thinners ahlanzekile kakhulu (isb., i-xylene) anomswakama ongaphansi kuka-0.1%. Umswakama ubanga amabhamuza omoya ngesikhathi sokukhipha igesi, okudinga isikhathi sokungasebenzi ukuze kukhishwe igesi (kuchithe imizuzu eyi-10-15 ngokwenzeka ngakunye).
• Uma ulungisa unqenqema lokusebenzisa kabusha, qiniseka ukuthi okuqukethwe kokungcola ezintweni ezisetshenzisiwe kungaphansi kuka-0.5% (kungahlungwa ngesikrini esingu-100-mesh) futhi ingxenye yezinto ezisetshenzisiwe ayidluli u-20%. Izinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha ngokweqile zinciphisa amandla efilimu kanye nokubonakala.
Ukuthuthukisa Imishini: Nciphisa "Isikhathi Sokungasebenzi" futhi Uthuthukise "Ukunemba Kokusebenza"
Ingqikithi yokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza "izinga lokusebenza kahle kwemishini". Ukulungiswa kokuvimbela kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuzenzakalela kuyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokungasebenzi, kuyilapho ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kwemishini kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi.
1.Umkhiphi: Ukulawula Izinga Lokushisa Elinembile + Ukuhlanza Okuvamile Kwedayi Ukuze Kugwenywe “Ukuvinjelwa Nokuphuzi”
• Ukulawula Izinga Lokushisa Elihlukaniswe Ngezigaba:Ngokusekelwe ezicini zokuncibilika kwe-resin ye-PVC, hlukanisa i-extruder barrel ibe yizindawo zokushisa ezingu-3-4: indawo yokudla (140-160°C, i-resin yokushisa kwangaphambili), indawo yokucindezela (170-180°C, i-resin encibilikayo), indawo yokulinganisa (180-200°C, ukuzinzisa ukuncibilika), kanye nekhanda eliyi-die (175-195°C, ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokuwohloka kwendawo). Sebenzisa uhlelo lokulawula izinga lokushisa oluhlakaniphile (isb., i-PLC + i-thermocouple) ukugcina ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa kungaphakathi kuka-±2°C. Izinga lokushisa elidlulele libangela ukuphuzi kwe-PVC, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa elinganele liholela ekuncibilikeni kwe-resin okungaphelele kanye namaphutha "e-fish-eye" (okudinga isikhathi sokungasebenzi ukuze kulungiswe).
• Ukuhlanza Okuvamile Kwedayi:Hlanza izinto ezisele ezifakwe ikhabhoni (imikhiqizo yokubola kwe-PVC) ekhanda le-die njalo emahoreni angu-8-12 (noma ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwezinto) usebenzisa ibhulashi lethusi elizinikele (ukugwema ukuklwebha udebe lwe-die). Ezindaweni ezifile, sebenzisa isihlanzi se-ultrasonic (imizuzu engama-30 ngomjikelezo ngamunye). Izinto ezifakwe ikhabhoni zibanga amabala amnyama efilimini, okudinga ukuhlunga imfucuza ngesandla nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle.
2.Uhlelo Lokupholisa: Ukupholisa Okufanayo Ukuqinisekisa “Ukuthamba Kwefilimu + Ukufana Kokuncipha”
• Ukulinganiswa Kwemiqulu Yokupholisa:Linganisa ukulingana kwemiqulu emithathu yokupholisa njalo ngenyanga usebenzisa izinga le-laser (ukubekezelelana <0.1 mm). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sebenzisa i-thermometer ye-infrared ukuqapha izinga lokushisa lobuso bemiqulu (kulawulwa ku-20-25°C, umehluko wokushisa <1°C). Ukushisa komiqulu okungalingani kubangela amazinga okupholisa amafilimu angaguquki, okuholela ekwehlukeni kokuncipha (isb., ukuncipha okungu-50% kolunye uhlangothi kanye no-60% kolunye) futhi kudinga ukulungiswa kabusha kwemikhiqizo eqediwe.
• Ukuthuthukiswa Kwendandatho Yomoya:Ngenqubo yefilimu evuthelwayo (esetshenziselwa amanye amafilimu amancane okuncipha), lungisa ukufana komoya wendandatho yomoya. Sebenzisa i-anemometer ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umehluko wesivinini somoya ohlangothini oluzungezile lwendawo yokukhipha indandatho yomoya ungaphansi kuka-0.5 m/s. Isivinini somoya esingalingani senza ibhamuza lefilimu lingazinzi, okubangela "ukuphambuka kobukhulu" nokwanda kwemfucuza.
3.Ukuphinda Usebenzise Ukuphinda Usebenzise Ukuphinda Usebenzise Ukusika Unqenqema: Ukuzenzakalela Kunciphisa “Ukungenelela Kwesandla”
• Isivikelo Esizenzakalelayo:Shintshela ku-winder ene-“closed-loop tension control”. Lungisa i-winding tension ngesikhathi sangempela (setha ngokusekelwe ekujikeni kwefilimu: 5–8 N yamafilimu amancane, 10–15 N yamafilimu amakhulu) ukuze ugweme “ukujikijela okukhululekile” (okudinga ukuhlehliswa ngesandla) noma “ukujikijela okuqinile” (okubangela ukwelula kwefilimu nokuguquguquka kwayo). Ukusebenza kahle kwe-winding kwandiswa ngo-20%.
• Ukuvuselelwa Kwezicucu Ngokushesha Endaweni:Faka “uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lokuchoboza olusebenzisa ukusika okusemaphethelweni” eduze komshini wokuchoboza. Choboza ngokushesha ukusika okusemaphethelweni (ububanzi obungu-5-10 mm) okwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuchoboza bese ubuyisela ku-extruder hopper ngepayipi (elixutshwe nezinto ezintsha ngesilinganiso esingu-1:4). Izinga lokuphinda usebenzise ukusika okusemaphethelweni likhuphuka lisuka ku-60% liye ku-90%, kunciphisa imfucuza yezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi kuqede ukulahleka kwesikhathi ekuphathweni kwezicucu ngesandla.
Ukucwengwa Kwenqubo: Cwenga “Ukulawulwa Kwepharamitha” Ukuze Ugweme “Amaphutha Ahlanganisiwe”
Umehluko omncane kumapharamitha enqubo ungaholela ekushintsheni okukhulu kwekhwalithi, ngisho nangemishini efanayo nezinto zokusetshenziswa. Yakha “ithebula lokulinganisa lepharamitha” lezinqubo ezintathu eziyinhloko—ukukhipha, ukupholisa, kanye nokusika—futhi uqaphe ukulungiswa ngesikhathi sangempela.
1.Inqubo Yokukhipha: Lawula “Ukucindezela Kokuncibilika + Isivinini Sokukhipha”
• Ukucindezela Kokuncibilika: Sebenzisa inzwa yokucindezela ukuqapha ukucindezela kokuncibilika endaweni yokungena kwe-die (elawulwa ku-15–25 MPa). Ukucindezela okweqile (30 MPa) kubangela ukuvuza kwe-die futhi kudinga isikhathi sokungasebenzi ukuze kulungiswe; ukucindezela okunganele (10 MPa) kuholela ekuncibilikeni okungekuhle kanye nobukhulu befilimu obungalingani.
• Isivinini Sokukhipha: Isethi isekelwe ekujikeni kwefilimu—20–25 m/min yamafilimu amancane (0.02 mm) kanye no-12–15 m/min yamafilimu amakhulu (0.05 mm). Gwema “ukwelula kakhulu ukubambelela” (ukunciphisa amandla efilimu) okubangelwa isivinini esikhulu noma “ukuchithwa kwamandla” okuvela esivinini esiphansi.
2.Inqubo Yokupholisa: Lungisa “Isikhathi Sokupholisa + Izinga Lokushisa Lomoya”
• Isikhathi Sokupholisa: Lawula isikhathi sokuhlala kwefilimu kuma-cooling rolls ngomzuzwana ongu-0.5–1 (okufinyelelwa ngokulungisa isivinini sokudonswa) ngemva kokukhipha i-diye. Isikhathi sokuhlala esinganele (
• Izinga Lokushisa Lendandatho Yomoya: Ngenqubo yefilimu evuthelwayo, setha izinga lokushisa lendandatho yomoya libe ngu-5–10°C ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile (isb., 30–35°C ukuze kube ngu-25°C). Gwema “ukupholisa okungazelelwe” (okubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwangaphakathi kanye nokudabuka okulula ngesikhathi sokuncibilika) okuvela emoyeni obandayo ovuthela ngqo ebhamuzeni lefilimu.
3.Inqubo Yokusika: “Ukusetha Ububanzi + Ukulawula Ukucindezeleka” Okunembile
• Ububanzi Bokusika: Sebenzisa uhlelo lokuqondisa umphetho obonakalayo ukulawula ukunemba kokusika, uqinisekise ukubekezelelana kobubanzi <±0.5 mm (isb., 499.5–500.5 mm ububanzi obudingekayo yikhasimende obungu-500 mm). Gwema ukubuyiselwa kwamakhasimende okubangelwa ukuphambuka kobubanzi.
• Ukuqina Kokusika: Lungisa ngokusekelwe ekujiyeni kwefilimu—3–5 N yamafilimu amancane kanye no-8–10 N wamafilimu amakhulu. Ukuqina ngokweqile kubangela ukwelula kwefilimu kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo (ukunciphisa izinga lokuncipha); ukucindezeleka okunganele kuholela ekuqhekekeni kwefilimu (okuvame ukulimala ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa).
Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi: “Ukuqapha Kwesikhathi Sangempela Ku-inthanethi + Ukuqinisekiswa Kokusampula Okungaxhunyiwe Ku-inthanethi” Ukuqeda “Ukungavumelani Okuhlanganisiwe”
Ukuthola amaphutha ekhwalithi kuphela esigabeni somkhiqizo oqediwe kuholela ekulahlekelweni yi-full-batch (ukulahlekelwa kokubili ukusebenza kahle kanye nezindleko). Misa "uhlelo lokuhlola olusebenza ngokugcwele":
1.Ukuhlolwa Okuku-inthanethi: Vimbela “Amaphutha Asheshayo” Ngesikhathi Sangempela
• Ukuhlolwa Kokujiya:Faka igeyiji yobukhulu be-laser ngemva kokugoqa okupholile ukuze ulinganise ubukhulu befilimu njalo ngemizuzwana engu-0.5. Setha “umkhawulo we-alamu yokuphambuka” (isb., ±0.002 mm). Uma umkhawulo udluliwe, uhlelo lulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo isivinini sokukhipha noma igebe lokufa ukuze lugweme ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kwemikhiqizo engahambisani.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokubukeka:Sebenzisa uhlelo lokubona lomshini ukuskena ubuso befilimu, ukhombe amaphutha anjenge-“black spots, pinholes, kanye nama-crease” (ukunemba okungu-0.1 mm). Uhlelo lumaka ngokuzenzakalelayo izindawo zamaphutha kanye nama-alamu, okuvumela opharetha ukuthi bayeke ukukhiqiza ngokushesha (isb., ukuhlanza idayisi, ukulungisa indandatho yomoya) kanye nokunciphisa imfucuza.
2.Ukuhlolwa Okungaxhunyiwe Ku-inthanethi: Qinisekisa "Ukusebenza Okuyinhloko"
Thatha isampula eyodwa eqediwe njalo emahoreni ama-2 bese uhlola izinkomba ezintathu eziyinhloko:
• Izinga Lokuncipha:Sika amasampula angu-10 cm × 10 cm, uwashise kuhhavini ongu-150°C imizuzwana engu-30, bese ulinganisa ukuncipha ohlangothini lomshini (MD) kanye nohlangothi oluphambene (TD). Kudingeka ukuncipha okungu-50–70% ku-MD kanye no-40–60% ku-TD. Lungisa isilinganiso se-plasticizer noma izinga lokushisa lokukhipha uma ukuphambuka kudlula ±5%.
• Ukucaca:Hlola ngemitha yomswakama, edinga umswakama <5% (kumafilimu abonakalayo). Uma umswakama udlula izinga elijwayelekile, hlola ubumsulwa be-resin noma ukuhlakazeka kwe-stabilizer.
• Amandla Okudonsa:Hlola ngomshini wokuhlola ukuthambekela, odinga amandla okuthambekela okude ≥20 MPa kanye namandla okuthambekela okuphambene ≥18 MPa. Uma amandla enganele, lungisa inani le-resin K noma engeza ama-antioxidants.
"I-Synergistic Logic" Yokusebenza Kahle Nekhwalithi
Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwefilimu yokuncipha kwe-PVC kugxile “ekunciphiseni isikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nokuchitha,” okufezwa ngokuzivumelanisa nezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukwenza ngcono imishini, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuzenzakalela. Ukuthuthukisa izikhungo zekhwalithi “kukulawula ukuguquguquka kanye nokuvimbela amaphutha,” okusekelwa ukuhluzwa kwenqubo kanye nokuhlolwa kwenqubo ephelele. Lokhu okubili akuphikisani: isibonelo, ukukhetha ukusebenza kahle kakhuluIziqinisi ze-Ca-Znkunciphisa ukuwohloka kwe-PVC (ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi) futhi kwandisa isivinini sokukhipha (ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle); izinhlelo zokuhlola eziku-inthanethi zibamba amaphutha (ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi) futhi zigweme ukuqhekeka kwenqwaba (ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokusebenza kahle).
Amabhizinisi kudingeka ashintshe kusukela "ekwenzeni ngcono okukodwa" aye "ekuthuthukiseni okuhlelekile," ahlanganise izinto zokusetshenziswa, imishini, izinqubo, kanye nabasebenzi endaweni evaliwe. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukufezwa kwemigomo efana "nomthamo wokukhiqiza ophakeme ngo-20%, izinga lokulahla eliphansi ngo-30%, kanye nezinga lokubuyisa amakhasimende elingaphansi kuka-1%," okwakha umkhawulo wokuncintisana emakethe yamafilimu e-PVC shrink.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-05-2025