Yiziphi PVC Stabilizers

PVC stabilizersziyizithasiselo ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza okushisayo kwe-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nama-copolymers ayo. Kumapulasitiki e-PVC, uma izinga lokushisa lokucubungula lidlula i-160 ℃, ukubola okushisayo kuzokwenzeka futhi kuzokhiqizwa igesi ye-HCl. Uma kungacindezelwa, lokhu kubola okushisayo kuzokwenziwa kubi nakakhulu, kube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamapulasitiki e-PVC.

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi uma amapulasitiki e-PVC equkethe amanani amancane kasawoti omthofu, insipho yensimbi, i-phenol, i-amine enuka kamnandi, nokunye ukungcola, ukucubungula nokusetshenziswa kwawo ngeke kuthinteke, nokho, ukubola kwawo okushisayo kungancishiswa ngokwezinga elithile. Lezi zifundo zikhuthaza ukusungulwa nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinzinzisi ze-PVC.

Iziqinisi ezijwayelekile ze-PVC zifaka iziqinisi ze-organotin, iziqinisi zikasawoti wensimbi, neziqinisi zikasawoti ezingaphili. Ama-Organotin stabilizer asetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ye-PVC ngenxa yokungafihli, ukumelana nesimo sezulu esihle, nokuhambisana. Iziqinisi zikasawoti wensimbi ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-calcium, i-zinc, noma usawoti we-barium, onganikeza ukusimama okungcono kokushisa. Iziqinisi zikasawoti we-inorganic ezifana ne-tribasic lead sulfate, i-dibasic lead phosphite, njll. zinokushisisa okuhlala isikhathi eside kanye nokufakwa kahle kukagesi. Lapho ukhetha i-PVC stabilizer efanelekile, udinga ukucabangela izimo zokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-PVC kanye nezakhiwo ezidingekayo zokuzinza. Iziqinisi ezihlukene zizothinta ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo ye-PVC ngokomzimba nangamakhemikhali, ngakho ukwakheka okuqinile nokuhlolwa kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka kweziqinisi. Ukwethulwa okuningiliziwe nokuqhathaniswa kwezinzinzisi ezahlukahlukene ze-PVC zimi kanje:

I-Organotin Stabilizer:I-Organotin stabilizers yizinza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zemikhiqizo ye-PVC. Izinhlanganisela zabo ziyimikhiqizo yokusabela ye-organotin oxides noma i-organotin chlorides ene-acids efanelekile noma ama-esters.

I-Organotin stabilizers ihlukaniswe yaba yi-sulphur-container kanye ne-sulfur-free. Ukuzinza kwe-Sulfur-containing stabilizers kuvelele, kodwa kunezinkinga ekunambithekeni nasekungcoleni okuphambene okufana nezinye izinhlanganisela eziqukethe isibabule. Ama-non-sulphur organotin stabilizers ngokuvamile asekelwe ku-maleic acid noma i-half maleic acid esters. Bathanda ama-methyl tin stabilizer ayizinzisi zokushisa ezingasebenzi kahle ezinokuzinza okungcono kokukhanya.

Iziqinisi ze-Organotin zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni kokudla nakweminye imikhiqizo esobala ye-PVC njengamapayipi abonisa ngale.

Ama-Lead Stabilizers:Iziqinisi zokuhola ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa lezi zinhlanganisela ezilandelayo: i-dibasic lead stearate, i-hydrated tribasic lead sulfate, i-dibasic lead phthalate, ne-dibasic lead phosphate.

Njengezinzisi zokushisa, izinhlanganisela zomthofu ngeke zonakalise izakhiwo zikagesi ezinhle kakhulu, ukumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi, nokumelana nesimo sezulu ngaphandle kwezinto ze-PVC. Nokho,i-lead stabilizersbabe nokubi okungalungile njengokuthi:

- Ukuba nobuthi;

- Ukungcola okuphambene, ikakhulukazi ngesulfure;

- Ukukhiqiza i-chloride eholayo, ezokwakha imivimbo emikhiqizweni eqediwe;

- Isilinganiso esinzima, esiholela esilinganisweni esingagculisi sesisindo/ivolumu.

- Izinzinzisi zomthofu zivame ukwenza imikhiqizo ye-PVC ingabonakali ngokushesha futhi ishintshe umbala ngokushesha ngemva kokushisa okuqhubekayo.

Naphezu kwalezi zimo ezimbi, ama-lead stabilizer asasetshenziswa kabanzi. Ngokufakwa kukagesi, ama-lead stabilizer akhethwayo. Izuza kumphumela wayo ojwayelekile, imikhiqizo eminingi ye-PVC eguquguqukayo neqinile iyabonakala njengezendlalelo zangaphandle zekhebula, amabhodi aqinile e-PVC angabonakali, amapayipi aqinile, izikhumba zokwenziwa, nama-injection.

I-Metal Salt Stabilizers: Iziqinisi zikasawoti zensimbi ezixubilezingamaqoqo enhlanganisela ehlukahlukene, imvamisa yakhelwe ngokuya ngezinhlelo ezithile ze-PVC nabasebenzisi. Lolu hlobo lwe-stabilizer luvele ekufakweni kwe-barium succinate kanye ne-cadmium palm acid kuphela ekuxubeni kwensipho ye-barium, insipho ye-cadmium, insipho ye-zinc, ne-organic phosphite, enama-antioxidants, izinyibilikisi, izandisi, ama-plasticizers, ama-colorants, izibambisi ze-UV, izikhanyisi. , ama-ejenti okulawula i-viscosity, izinto zokuthambisa, nezinambitheka zokwenziwa. Ngenxa yalokho, kunezici eziningi ezingathinta umphumela we-stabilizer yokugcina.

Iziqinisi zensimbi, njenge-barium, i-calcium, ne-magnesium aziwuvikeli umbala wokuqala wezinto ze-PVC kodwa zinganikeza ukumelana nokushisa kwesikhathi eside. Impahla ye-PVC ezinzile ngale ndlela iqala ibephuzi/owolintshi, bese kancane kancane iguquke ibe nsundu, futhi ekugcineni ibe mnyama ngemva kokushisa okungapheli.

I-Cadmium ne-zinc stabilizers yaqala ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yokuthi isobala futhi ingagcina umbala wangempela wemikhiqizo ye-PVC. I-thermostability yesikhathi eside ehlinzekwa yi-cadmium kanye ne-zinc stabilizers imbi kakhulu kunaleyo enikezwa yi-barium, evame ukuwohloka ngokuzumayo ngophawu oluncane noma lungabikho nhlobo.

Ngaphezu kwe-factor of metal ratio, umphumela we-metal stabilizers usawoti ubuye uhlotshaniswe nezinhlanganisela zabo zikasawoti, okuyizinto eziyinhloko ezithinta izici ezilandelayo: ukuthambisa, ukuhamba, obala, ukuguqulwa kombala we-pigment, nokuzinza kokushisa kwe-PVC. Ngezansi kunezinza ezivamile ezixubile zensimbi: 2-ethylcaproate, phenolate, benzoate, ne-stearate.

Iziqinisi zikasawoti wensimbi zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni ethambile ye-PVC kanye nemikhiqizo esobala ye-PVC efana nokupakishwa kokudla, okudlekayo kwezokwelapha, kanye nokupakishwa kwemithi.